Guy Thomas Science & Technology Advisor United States Coast Guard Washington, DC

1. Global Maritime Awareness Guy Thomas Science & Technology Advisor United States Coast Guard Washington, DC George.g.thomas@uscg.dhs.gov 202-372-2591

2. Office of Global Maritime Situational Awareness A multi-agency NATIONAL office responsible for effective access to maritime information and data critical to building situational awareness. Mission: Act as a Maritime Awareness Coordinator “Honest Broker” We are responsible for: • Increasing communication and building trust • Performing international and domestic outreach • Making maritime information available/shareable Forging relationships, enabling technology, effecting policy

3. Overall the federal government portion of the system • includes approximately 4 million personnel—not counting those from the • private sector who support the system, (Forging the New Shield, • Project on National Security Reform, November 2008). • Multitude of USG Agencies, Departments, Bureaucracy!! • National Security Council includes (6) six regional committees and (11) eleven policy committees covering diverse topics from counterterrorism to the global environment • The diplomatic community includes 305 embassies, consulates, and diplomatic missions around the globe, • The defense community includes (17) seventeen defense agencies, nine unified combatant commands, and seven filed activities • The intelligence community includes (16) sixteen separate government agencies • The department of homeland security encompasses (22) twenty two formerly separate government agencies and cooperates with tens of thousands of state and local authorities across the country.

4. Recent GAO Report Information sharing is difficult………. Agencies are using 56different sensitive but unclassified designations (16 of which belong to one agency) to protect information. “Office cubicles, the beltway, the budget, and stovepipes.” “The light was blinking red”. 911 Commission Report

5. The information is there…

6. Example of USG Interagency Cooperation/Coordination Piracy Conference—National Maritime Intelligence Center International Representatives From: Australia, Belgium, Canada, China, Djibouti, Egypt, France, Great Britain, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mauritus, Netherlands, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, United States, Yemen International Non-governmental Organization Representative: World Food Program Maritime Shipping Industry: Maersk Shipping Company Academic Representatives From: Davidson College, George Washington University, National Defense University U.S. Government Representatives From: CIA, CJTF-HOA, CBP, DIA, Department of Commerce, Department of Defense, Department of Energy, Department of Homeland Security, Department of Justice, Department of State, Department of Transportation, Department of Treasury, Director of National Intelligence, Drug Enforcement Administration, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Homeland Security Council, Maritime Administration, National Counterintelligence Executive, National Counterterrorism Center, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, National Intelligence Council, National Maritime Intelligence Center, National Media Exploitation Center, national Reconnaissance Center, National Security Agency, National Security Council, US Africa Command, US European Command, US Pacific Command, US Central Command, Us Transportation Command, US Joint Staff, US Air Force, US Army, US Coast Guard, US Marine Corps, US Navy

7. Office of Global Maritime Situational Awareness Initiatives: • Information Hubs • MSSIS (Maritime Safety & Security Information Systems)- Expansion • GMISS (Global Maritime Information Sharing Symposium) • TEXAS 3 (TEchnical eXchange on Ais via Satellite) • C-SIGMA (Maritime Situational Awareness from Space)

8. Increasing & Coordinating Data Sharing Architecture Management Infrastructure Vessel Cargo Future Hubs People Maritime Information Exchange … coordinate information flow for subject areas domestically and internationally and facilitate information and data sharing.* • * US National Concept of Operations for Maritime Domain Awareness

9. MDA Information Enterprise Hubs What are Hubs? Information Enterprise Hubs are the lead coordinators and subject matter experts for their specific areas of MDA information* *Cargo, vessel, people, infrastructure Why develop Hubs? The hubs support information sharing efforts to bridge the gap until policies, relationships and technology are in place “They are not systems, they are people.”

10. The Balance Privacy Privacy CONSTITUTION Info Sharing Security

11. GLOBAL PICTURE OF AIS RECEIVERS & MSSIS SOFTWARE

12. Active Participants MSSIS PARTICIPATING NATIONS(as of 20 APR 09 – 56 Nations) Pending and / or Under Constructions

13. “Information sharing” with Libya • Joint military cooperation signed between Libya and US January 2009. • OGMSA briefed Libya desk officer February 2009. • DOS suggested utilizing MSSIS as a stepping stone to improve diplomacy and “information sharing” between LIBYA and US. • OGMSA briefed Libyan Embassy—Early April 2009. • OGMSA/USCG briefed Libyan Defense Attaché Last Week. • Great interest demonstrated by Libyan official to participate.

14. What’s Missing? Everything in between! • The National Maritime CONOPS has set up short term, mid term, and long term goals to improve transparency in the maritime domain. • Short term (0-5 years): “[I] intensify the acquisition of data for small ocean-going craft (vessels < 300 tons) with an emphasis on the vessels of greatest concern regarding illegal maritime activity—dhows and fishing vessels”. • Mid-term (6-10 years): “Implement technologies which detect vessels as small as 65’ on the open ocean.” • Long-term (11-20 years): “reduce the size of the non-emitting objects that can be detected and monitored on the ocean towards the ultimate goal of 25 feet”.

15. Office of Global Maritime Situational Awareness Accordingly, the prospect of open ocean situational awareness from space via a global space partnership could fill the gap as mandated by the CONOP.

16. Office of Global Maritime Situational Awareness Commercially available, existing technology, and open source information from satellites. The concept: An International Collaboration of 4 Types of Satellites: • Synthetic Aperture Radar Satellite--SARSAT • Electro Optical/Infra-Red—EO/IR • Automatic Identification System—AIS • Transponders—equivalent to IFF

17. GLOBAL SPACE PARTNERSHIP GSP C-SIGMA Photo

21. Credit: Thales Alenia Space

24. Photo courtesy of GEO-EYE This 1-meter resolution image was collected November 20, 2008 by the IKONOS satellite. The image shows the SIRIUS Star, the Saudi-owned crude oil carrier Hijacked by Somali pirates, anchored approximately 5 miles off the Somali coast. (IKONOS is 10 years old….)

25. Freighter off-loading at Casablanca, Morocco Photo courtesy of GEOEYE ½ meter resolution photo of Collected on October 25, 2008 by GEOEYE

28. ORBCOMM Worldwide plot, 24 hours data, 15,073 vessels tracked

32. GLOBAL MARITIME INFORMATION SHARING SYMPOSIUM 2009 SEPTEMBER 15-18 NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY FORT LESLIE J. MCNAIR WASHINGTON, D.C. Bringing the maritime industry perspective into government maritime awareness policy U.S. Navy photo OFFICE OF GLOBAL MARITIME SITUATIONAL AWARENESS www.gmsa.gov/gmiss

33. Office of Global Maritime Situational Awareness For further information: Plans & Policy Captain Dale.V.Ferriere@uscg.mil Outreach & Coordination Captain George.McCarthy@uscg.mil Information Technology Captain Rafael.Nieves@uscg.dhs.mil Science & Technology, Including Space Systems Guy Thomas george.g.thomas@uscg.mil