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Journal 7

Journal 7. Explain the focus of the Phoenicians. What role did Carthage play in this?. Greek and Phoenician Colonies and Trade. Major Themes of Early Civilizations: Irrigation for agriculture powerful kings hereditary priesthoods dependent laborers limited availability of metals

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Journal 7

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  1. Journal 7 • Explain the focus of the Phoenicians. • What role did Carthage play in this?

  2. Greek and Phoenician Colonies and Trade

  3. Major Themes of Early Civilizations: • Irrigation for agriculture • powerful kings • hereditary priesthoods • dependent laborers • limited availability of metals • restricted literacy • 1000 B.C.E. – 600 C.E. Civilizations: • land watered by rain • worked by a free peasantry • rulers of empires wanted to control and tax subjects • networks of roads/urbanization • rapid communication • transport trade goods greater distances • share ideas, artistic styles, technologies • comfortable middle class • iron weapons • metal coinage • increase in writing and literacy

  4. Chapter 4 Persians

  5. Ancient Iran, 1000-500 B.C.E. • “Land of the Aryans” • Little Persian written material = history from Greek perspective • Greeks hostile, unaware of developments in central and eastern part of Persian Empire

  6. Medes • Helped destroy Assyrian Empire in late 7th century B.C.E. • Persians married into Median court and Persian Cyrus overthrew Median monarch 550 B.C.E. • Placed both Medes and Persians in positions of responsibility and retained the framework of Median rule = acceptance of Persian rule

  7. Persians • Patriarchal family; society with three classes: warriors, priests, and peasants • Conquered: all of Anatolia, Mesopotamia under Neo-Babylonian rule, and Egypt Remnants of the Persian Empire capital Persepolis in Iran

  8. Persian Empire

  9. Persians • Darius I –largest empire yet = Indus Valley and Europe • Divided empire into provinces with satrap (governor rule); decentralized power • Each satrap had to collect and send tribute to the king = economic decline in provinces • Body of “laws of the King” and system of royal judges

  10. Persians • Elite women were politically influential, possessed property, traveled, and were present on public occasions • Xerxes wife, Esther in Hebrew Bible who saved Jewish people from a massacre • Capital at Persepolis (Parsa)

  11. Religion – Zoroastrianism • Ahuramazda gave the king a mandate to bring order to a world in turmoil • One supreme deity, held humans to high ethical standard, and promised salvation • May have influenced Judaism = influencing Christianity

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