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LING 303. Phonology I vw. Tone. [ ±upper register] For convenience: use H for [+upper register] use L for [–upper register]. Vocal fold vibration. Physical: Fundamental frequency (F0) rate of vibration of the vocal folds Perceptual: Pitch. fundamental freq. perceived pitch.
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LING 303 Phonology I vw
Tone • [±upper register] • For convenience: • use H for [+upper register] • use L for [–upper register]
Vocal fold vibration Physical: Fundamental frequency (F0) rate of vibration of the vocal folds Perceptual: Pitch fundamental freq. perceived pitch [UCLA Phonetics Lab demo]
Dogrib • sénǫ̀htsį́į́ díídzę́ k̓é gók̓énédí. • ásìì házǫ́ǫ̀ ghá másí néts’ííhwhǫ́ • góétį́, gókǫ̀, gónék̓é, éyíts’ǫ́ • ásìì házǫǫ̀ wét’àts’éédàà • xį́ ghá • hótié kóót’é nį́dè
Ibibio • akpa ‘expanse of ocean’ • akpa ‘small ant’ • akpa ‘first’ • aku ‘priest’
Ibibio • ákp͡á ‘expanse of ocean’ • àkp͡à ‘small ant’ • àkp͡á ‘first’ • ákù ‘priest’
“level” vs. “contour” • Level tone: the pitch does not rise or fall very much during the pronunciation of the syllable. • Contour tone: the pitch rises and/or falls considerably during the production of the syllable.
Falling contour tone • Tsuut’ina (Sarcee): [tsʰûːt’ínà] • Ibibio: • ákp͡ân ‘square woven basket’ • àkp͡ɔ̂ ‘rubber tree’ • Thai: nâː ‘face’
Early studies of tone … used features for contours, e.g.: • [±falling] • [±rising]
Now, contour tones … are considered sequences of levels • falling: H + L • rising: L + H
Standard Chinese • má ‘mother’ • mǎ ‘hemp’ • mà ‘horse’ • mâ ‘scold’
Standard Chinese • má ‘mother’ H • mǎ ‘hemp’ LH • mà ‘horse’ L • mâ ‘scold’ HL
