1 / 70

Chapter 9

Chapter 9. The determinants of Health & Individual Human Development of Australia’s ADULTS. 9.1 Biological Determinants: Genetics. Genetics - combination of genes inherited from parents Has a significant impact on Health & Human Development

tiana
Download Presentation

Chapter 9

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Chapter 9 The determinants of Health & Individual Human Development of Australia’s ADULTS

  2. 9.1 Biological Determinants: Genetics • Genetics - combination of genes inherited from parents • Has a significant impact on Health & Human Development • Determines physical characteristics such as eye colour, height etc. • Also, predisposition to disease that may not show until adulthood

  3. Genetic Conditions impacting Adults • Result from altered or faulty set of genes • Examples of diseases that can impact in Adulthood are: • Alzheimer’s Disease • Huntington’s Disease

  4. Alzheimer’s Disease • What is Alzheimer' Disease?

  5. Alzheimer’s Disease • Table 9.1 (page 270) • Copy into workbooks; Impacts on Health & Development • 4 impacts on Health • 4 impacts on Development

  6. Huntington’s Disease (HD) • Caused by a defective gene • Children (of HD) have a 50% chance of also suffering from HD • Gradual loss of intellectual, physical and emotional capacities. • Daniel's Story

  7. Huntington’s Disease (HD) • Table 9.2 (page 271) • Copy into workbooks; Impacts on Development; • An impact on Physical • An impact on Social • An impact on Emotional • An impact on Intellectual

  8. DVD – Iris (time permitting) • Complete Worksheet (DVD run time-89 mins) • Computer Room (will be required)

  9. Genetic Predisposition to Disease • Some adults are at greater risk as they have inherited certain genes • CANCER • DIABETES (type II)

  10. Cancers • Cancer is changed genes that develop abnormally and form a cancerous lump. • Cancers that have a genetic predisposition include; • Breast • Ovarian • Bowel • Skin (melanoma) (pages 271-273)

  11. Diabetes (Type II) • Insulin is the hormone that is secreted by the Pancreas – this enables the body to metabolise glucose (sugars) as energy. • In type II Diabetes the insulin is not produced properly, consequently blood glucose level will rise. • Symptoms; extreme tiredness, excessive thirst, blurred vision, increase risk of infections. • Lifestyle factors increase risk, however, it is also genetic.

  12. Review • Complete Question – Test yo knowledge Apply your knowledge Q5. Page. 273

  13. 9.2 Biological Determinants: Body Weight • Combination of inherited and lifestyle / behavioural factors • Overweight & Obesity are on the increase over the past 20-30 years • See figure 9.5 (page 274) • Recall BMI? • Also distribution of excess body fat; • (Fat around the waist is a greater risk of health related • conditions compared to fat around the • butt & thighs)

  14. 9.2 Biological Determinants: Body Weight • Overweight / Obesity contributes to • Type II diabetes • Coronary Heart disease • Sleep apnoea • High blood pressure (hypertension) • Certain cancers • Osteoarthritis • Psychological disorders etc...

  15. 9.3 Biological Determinants: Blood Pressure • Ideal Blood pressure is less than 120/80 mmHg • SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE – is the maximum pressure when the heart is contracting (top number) • DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE – is the maximum pressure when the heart is relaxing (bottom number) • Blood pressure is measured in millimetres of mercury (mmHg)

  16. Blood Pressure • Measure by a sphygmomanometer • High blood pressure is HYPERTENSION • (Equal to or more than 140/90mmHg to 180/110mmHg) • Hypertension is a major risk factor in Coronary Heart Disease • Very common –1 in 7 Australians are effected by Hypertension / 8 % of all Burden of Disease in 2003 • Treatment – Diet, Exercise and Medications

  17. Coronary Heart Disease • Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)(6.48mins) • (USA call in Coronary Artery Disease - CAD)

  18. Coronary Heart Disease; Terms • Arteriosclerosis; Hardening and thickening of the walls of the arteries (loss of elasticity) • Atherosclerosis; narrowing of the arteries as a result or fatty deposits (‘plaque’) on the artery walls. • Angina; – temporary chest pain associated with narrowing of the coronary arteries • Myocardial infarction; commonly know as a heart attack; a blockage in the coronary arteries which results in permanent damage to the heart muscle. • Cardiac Arrest; – Heart stops functioning. COPY fig 9.11 into your books – page 278

  19. Stroke • Most common cause of death in Australia • Also know as CEREBROVASCULAR disease • During a stroke blood flow is interrupted to the BRAIN (blood clot or blood vessel breaking) Brain cells in the affected area may die. • Severity depends on size and location of the stroke

  20. TIA – Transient Ischaemic Attack • ‘Mini Stoke’ – is like a warning that a more severe stoke is likely to occur in the future • Should be treated immediately! • What is a Stroke?(approx. 6 mins) • Complete Clip Question sheet COPY fig 9.13 into your books – page 279

  21. Kidney Failure • Kidneys filter the blood to remove wastes and control the fluid levels of the body. • Signs of Kidney failure – frequent urination, greater volume of urine, pain when urinating, foaming urine, swelling in the lower limbs & back pain. • If not treated – can cause vomiting, breathlessness, loss of appetite, tiredness • Risk factors are diabetes, obesity, over 50, family history, smoking, Aboriginal or TSI decent.

  22. 9.4 Biological Determinants: Blood Cholesterol • Cholesterol is a type of fat; Functions in the body • Produces hormones • Assists with digestion • Component of cell membranes TWO TYPES HDLs – High Density Lipoproteins LDLs – Low Density Lipoproteins

  23. Cholesterol HDLs – Good or ‘Healthy’ ‘Happy’ LDLs – Bad or ‘Loser’

  24. Cholesterol • Can be reduced through lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, not smoking, healthy weight etc. • Diet Modifications – REDUCE saturated fats, INCREASE mono and polyunsaturated fats. • Example- • Less animal fats, butter, deep fried foods etc. • More fish, seafood, nuts, olive oil, avocado etc. • Complete Questions Q1-5, Page 282

  25. 9.5 Behavioural Determinants: Smoking • Single most preventable cause of ill health and death in Australia. • 7.8% of the Burden of Disease • (more for males than females) • Cigarettes has over 4000 chemicals • Nicotine causes the addiction • Effects of smoking are well documented – cancers, emphysema etc.

  26. 9.6 Behavioural Determinants: Physical Activity • Health effects of Exercise are well documented • - Figure 9.21 (page 285) • Copy into workbooks; Impacts on Health & Development • 3 impacts on Health • 3 impacts on Development • National Guidelines recommendations for physical activity are; • Be involved in at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activities on most (preferably all) days.

  27. 9.7 Behavioural Determinants: Food Intake

  28. 9.7 Behavioural Determinants: Food Intake • Recall the 6 nutrients • - Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats (Macronutrients) • Vitamins, Minerals (Micronutrients) & Water • See Table 9.4 Protective / Risk Factors • List 2 Nutrients with Protective Factors Explain why? • List 2 Nutrients with Risk Factors • Explain why? • Page 288 - Questions Q 1-9

  29. 9.8 Behavioural Determinants: Alcohol Use • Most widely accepted recreational drug in Australia.

  30. ALCOHOL – General Information

  31. Street Names • Booze • Grog • Bevies • Liquor • Sherberts • Cold one • Turps • Cocktails

  32. Alcohol is a Depressant.

  33. Alcohol is swallowed as a liquid.

  34. Alcohol is made from fruits, vegetables and grains. • Grapes • Apples, pears, peaches, plums, bananas, pineapple • Juniper berries • Corn • Molasses or sugar cane • Barley, hops, malt • Rice

  35. People drink alcohol to… • Feel more relaxed • Look cool • Forget problems • Join the party, be social • Become intoxicated • Get ‘courage’ • To make things ‘more fun’ during holidays • Whilst watching sporting events

  36. Standard Drinks All of these drinks contain the SAME amount of ALCOHOL

  37. Immediate Effects • Blurred vision • Slurred speech • Impairs motor coordination • Increased heart beat • Lowers body temperature • Vomiting • Hangover • Alcohol poisoning (death)

  38. Long Term Effects on the Body • Brain damage • Heart disease • Stomach ulcers • Liver disease “cirrhosis” • Osteoporosis • Muscle Weakness • Weight gain

  39. Stages of Cirrhosis

  40. Alcoholism A physical and mental need for alcohol that turns into a progressive and chronic disease.

  41. DRINK DRIVING accidents are a major cause of deaths

  42. Five local teenagers died in this alcohol related accident.

  43. Alcohol: A Danger for Teens • Nearly 50% of all teen suicide victims drank alcohol at the time of their death. • Drinking alcohol is the leading factor in unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases. • About 1/3 of crimes committed by youth are related to alcohol consumption. • Almost 1/3 of all traffic deaths involving people under 25 are related to alcohol.

  44. Drinking and getting drunk is NOT cool!Alcohol is a DRUG!Talk with your parents about Drinking. If you get into trouble - you should know what to do.Don’t be a statistic.

  45. Alcohol • Information Handout

  46. (ARBI) – Alcohol Related Brain Impairment • More than 2500 Australian adults are treated for ARBI with another 200,000 suffering from the condition. • Suffer from problems such as memory, cognitive abilities and physical coordination. • Binge drinking can also contribute to ARBI

  47. 9.9 Biological Determinants: Drug Use • A DRUG is anything that produces a PSYCHOACTIVE effect! (altering of mental processes such as mood, thinking, emotions and behaviour) • Complete Drug Effects Summary Handout from pages 291-292

  48. 9.10 Biological Determinants: Sexual Practices Many Issues – • STI – Sexually Transmitted Infections • Pregnancy / Fertility / Infertility • Reproduction Function & Dysfunction Complete QUESTIONS Test your knowledge Q 1-4 Apply your knowledge Q5. Page 295

  49. 9.11 Physical Determinants: Housing & Workplace Safety • Housing Stress – occur when the cost of Housing (mortgage or rental) is high in relation to the household income. • Lack of affordable housing is a concern • Less money for other day to day items, such as medications, clothing food, bills etc. • Other effects are tension headaches, anxiety, memory lapses, chronic fatigue, heart palpitations, heartburn etc (page 297)

  50. Mortgage anyone? In Victoria, the average Home Loan- • In April 1979 was $24,300. • In April 1989 was $68,400. • In April 1999 was $123,500. • In April 2009 was $249,000. • In June 2010 it has become $353,886

More Related