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Chapter 3-4. Pages 86-88. Southern Colonies. Main Idea : The Southern Colonies relied on cash crops to survive, while the French and Spanish tried to establish their won settlements. Indentured Servant – to pay for a persons passage to America in return to work without pay.
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Chapter 3-4 Pages 86-88 Southern Colonies Main Idea: The Southern Colonies relied on cash crops to survive, while the French and Spanish tried to establish their won settlements. Indentured Servant – to pay for a persons passage to America in return to work without pay. Constitution – a plan of government Debtor – those unable to repay their debts Tenant Farmer – when a settler paid their land lord an annual rent and worked for him for a fixed number of days each year. Mission - religious settlements
Coming to America(p86-88) The colonies needed people to grow and prosper. Settlers came voluntarily. Others came because they were: Criminals or prisoners of war from England and Scotland and could earn their release if they worked for a period of time. Seized and brought as slaves from Africa. Indentured servants who worked without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for their passage.
Maryland became a proprietary colony in 1632. King Charles I, gave Sir George Calvert, called Lord Baltimore, a colony north of Virginia. Lord Baltimore wanted to establish a safe place for Catholics. He also hoped that the colony would make him $$.
Marylandtobacco farmers also produced wheat, fruit, vegetables, and livestock so that they would not be dependent upon one cash crop. Wealthy landowners became powerful. As plantations grew in number, indentured servants and enslaved Africans were used to work the plantations.
Baltimore became the largest settlement, founded in 1729. Because the boundary between Maryland & Pennsylvania was disputed, the British astronomers, Mason and Dixon, were hired to resolve the issue & establish a boundary.
A conflict between Catholics and Protestants, who out numbered them, resulted in the passage of the Act of Toleration in 1649. It stated that both groups had the right to worship freely. The colony’s Protestant majority repealed this act in 1692.
Think about what life was like as a wealthy plantation owner, as an indentured servant, or as an enslaved African. Describe what you would have liked or disliked about belonging to one of these groups?
Virginia Expands As Virginia grew, settlers moved inland to open up the backcountry. Native America and lived on these lands. The governor, Sir William Berkeley, worked out an arrangement in 1644 that kept settlers from moving farther into Native American land. The settlers received a large piece of land, & conflicts were diminished.
Many Virginia westerners resented Berkeley’s pledge to the Native Americans and settled in the lands anyway. As a result, Native Americans raided these settlements. Nathaniel Bacon opposed colonial government because it was made of easterners. He led attacks on Native American villages, set fire to the capital, marched into Jamestown, and drove Berkeley into exile. England summoned Berkeley & sent troops to restore order.
Why did Native Americans sign a treaty with the colonial government in 1677 to open up more land? They were probably not given any choice and there was still land for them to live on. Perhaps they hoped all people could live together peacefully, so they gave up a piece of their land under the terms of the treaty
Settling the Carolinas King Charles II founded the colony of Carolina. The proprietors took large estates for themselves and hoped to sell and rent land to new settlers. In 1670 English settlers arrived, and by 1680 they founded Charleston. The English philosopher John Locke wrote their constitution.
Northern Carolina was settled by small farmers. Because this northern region did not have a good harbor, settlers relied on Virginia’s ports. Southern Carolina was more prosperous due to the fertile farmland and its harbor city, Charleston. Rice became the leading crop, and indigo, a blue flowering plant, became the “blue gold” of Carolina.
Most of the settlers of southern Carolina came from the English colony of Barbados in the West Indies. They brought with them enslaved Africans to work in the rice fields. Because so much labor was needed to grow rice, the demand for slaves increased. By 1708 more than ½ of southern Carolina’s new settlers were enslaved Africans.
Carolina’s settlers grew angry at the proprietors. They wanted a greater role in the colony’s government. In 1719 the settlers in southern Carolinaseized control from its proprietors. Carolina was formally divided into 2 colonies – N. Carolina and S. Carolina – in 1729
Why did many of the settlers to Southern Carolina come from the West Indian island of Barbados? Barbados was an English colony. Enslaved Africans were brought there as a part of the Columbian Exchange. These enslaved Africans had worked on large sugar plantation in Barbados. Their experience would be helpful as they worked on the plantation of Southern Carolina, which ultimately helped the economy of the colony grow. Because they were enslaved people, they had no freedom to choose where they were to live.
James Oglethorpe founded the colony of Georgia in 1733. It was the last British colony to be founded in the Americas. Great Britain created Georgia for several reasons: 1. As a place were British debtors & poor people could make a fresh start. 2. As a military barrier to protect the other British colonies from Spain due to its location between Spanish Florida & South Carolina Georgia
Georgia did receive poor people but few debtors. Religious refugees also settled there. The town of Savanna was created in 1733. Oglethorpe banned slavery, Catholics, & rum in the colony and limited the size of farms. As settlers came, they objected to the laws, so he lifted all the bans except on slavery. In 1751, he turned the colony back to the kin.
Because Georgia was the last colony to be settled by the British, did it suffer in any way or was it as stable or organized as the other colonies? They were at a disadvantage because of Oglethorpe’s laws and the settlers’ objections. Remember the colony eventually became a royal colony. But it had the other colonies to look and rely on.
The French settlement in the Americas grew slowly. The French were interested mainly in the fishing and fur trade at first. Their settlement called new France became a royal colony in 1663. They had settlements in two regions: 1. North in Quebec and along the St. Lawrence River. They consisted mostly of forts, trading posts, and later larger cities. 2. South along the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico. La Salle claimed the region called Louisiana for France. In 1718 the port city of New Orleans was founded
The French, years later, did send explorers, traders, and missionaries farther west to the Rocky Mountains and southwest to the Rio Grande. The French respected the ways of the Native Americans, so they had better relations with them than did other Europeans. The fur trappers traveled far into Native American territory, so they needed to learn to live among the Native Americans. These trappers did not push the Native Americans off their land. The missionaries did not try to change their customs.
Why were the French less interested than the British in colonizing the Americas? They wanted the money gained from fishing and fur trading b/c it was profitable. They were not looking to set up colonies abroad because it took time, money and responsibility. They were not in a race or land across the ocean.
