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Overview of Data Center Energy Use

Overview of Data Center Energy Use. Bill Tschudi, LBNL WFTschudi@lbl.gov. Data Center Definitions. Server closet < 200 sf Server room <500 sf Localized data center <1,000 sf Mid-tier data center <5,000 sf Enterprise class data center 5000+ sf.

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Overview of Data Center Energy Use

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  1. Overview of Data CenterEnergy Use Bill Tschudi, LBNLWFTschudi@lbl.gov

  2. Data Center Definitions • Server closet < 200 sf • Server room <500 sf • Localized data center <1,000 sf • Mid-tier data center <5,000 sf • Enterprise class data center 5000+ sf Focus today’s training on larger data centers—however most principles apply to any size center

  3. EPA report to Congress—Breakdown of Space

  4. Data Center Efficiency Opportunities Benchmarking of over 25 centers consistently lead to opportunities No silver bullet Lots of silver bb’s

  5. Energy Efficiency Opportunities Are Everywhere • Better air management • Better environmental conditions • Move to liquid cooling • Optimized chilled-water plants • Use of free cooling • Load management • Server innovation Power Conversion & Distribution Server Load/ComputingOperations Cooling Equipment • On-site generation • Waste heat for cooling • Use of renewable energy/fuel cells • High voltage distribution • Use of DC power • Highly efficient UPS systems • Efficient redundancy strategies AlternativePower Generation

  6. IT Equipment Load Density

  7. Benchmarking Energy End Use

  8. Overall Electrical Power Use in Data Centers Courtesy of Michael Patterson, Intel Corporation

  9. Performance Varies The relative percentages of the energy actually doing computing varied considerably.

  10. High Level Metric— Percentage of Electricity Delivered to IT Equipment Average .57 Higher is better Source: LBNL Benchmarking

  11. Alternate High Level Metric – Data Center Total Electrical Demand/ IT Equipment Demand (PUE) Average 1.83 Lower is better Source: LBNL Benchmarking

  12. HVAC System Effectiveness We observed a wide variation in HVAC performance

  13. Benchmark Results Can Help Identify Best Practices The ratio of IT equipment power to the total is an indicator of relative overall efficiency. Examination of individual systems and components in the centers that performed well helped to identify best practices.

  14. Best HVAC Practices • Air Management • Air Economizers • Humidification Control • Centralized Air Handlers • Low Pressure Drop Systems • Fan Efficiency • Cooling Plant Optimization • Water Side Economizer • Variable Speed Chillers • Variable Speed Pumping • Direct Liquid Cooling

  15. Best Electrical Practices • UPS systems • Self-generation • AC-DC distribution • Standby generation

  16. Best Practices and IT Equipment • Power supply efficiency • Standby/sleep power modes • IT equipment fans • Virtualization • Load shifting

  17. Best Practices—Cross-Cutting and Misc. Issues • Motor efficiency • Right sizing • Variable speed drives • Lighting • Maintenance • Continuous Commissioning and Benchmarking • Heat Recovery • Building Envelope • Redundancy Strategies • Methods of charging for space and power

  18. Potential Savings • Electrical bill will exceed the cost of IT equipment over its useful life • 20-40% savings typically possible • Aggressive strategies – better than 50% savings • Paybacks are short – 1 to 3 years are common

  19. Scenarios of Projected Energy Use from EPA Report to Congress 2007 - 2011

  20. The Good News: • Industry is taking action • IT manufacturers • Infrastructure equipment manufacturers • Industry Associations are leading: • ASHRAE • Green Grid • Uptime Institute • Afcom • Critical Facilities Roundtable • 7 X 24 Exchange

  21. IT Industry Taking Action www.climatesaverscomputing.org. www.thegreengrid.com

  22. More Good News: • Utilities are getting involved: • PG&E, SCE, San Diego • CEE • CA incentive programs are aggressive • California Energy Commission, DOE, EPA all have data center initiatives

  23. Design Guidelines Were Developed in Collaboration With PG&E Guides available through PG&E’s Energy Design Resources Website

  24. Design Guidance is Summarized in a Web Based Training Resource http://hightech.lbl.gov/dctraining/TOP.html

  25. Resources summary sheet available

  26. Take Aways • Various meanings for “data centers” • Benchmarking helps identify performance • Benchmarking suggests best practices • Efficiency varies • Large opportunity for savings • Resources are being developed

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