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Humanistic Psychology. Humanistic psychology. Emphasizes the uniquely human aspect of the person, stressing that behavior and choices come from within Psychoanalysis: somewhat negative outlook Behaviorism: you are what you learn Both of these dehumanized people.
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Humanistic psychology • Emphasizes the uniquely human aspect of the person, stressing that behavior and choices come from within • Psychoanalysis: somewhat negative outlook • Behaviorism: you are what you learn • Both of these dehumanized people
Three Basic Principles of Humanistic Psychology • Phenomenology: the study of subjective mental experiences • We behave according to our mental interpretation of reality (phenomenological reality) • Our self-concept—the set of beliefs one has about oneself—determines how we behave • We control our actions through conscious decision-making
Three Basic Principles of Humanistic Psychology 2. Holism: A person is not made up of parts (id, ego, instinct, memory, etc.) but is a single unified entity that works toward goals of the whole person
Three Basic Principles of Humanistic Psychology 3. Self-Actualization: the purpose of individuals is to become what they are capable of becoming • Rejects psychoanalytic emphasis on the tendency of the mind to protect itself from anxiety • We are oriented to overcome obstacles
Carl Rogers (1902-1987) • Rogers believed we all have a tendency to self-actualize • “Self Theory”: the concept of the self is an important part of our phenomenological reality. Goal: to “become your real self”
Obstacles to Self-Actualization • Incongruence: a discrepancy between one’s self-concept and one’s actual thoughts, feelings, and behaviors VALUES ≠ ACTIONS • Conditions of Worth: conditions (usually judgments from others) that distort the self concept and lead to incongruence. • Conditional Positive Regard: an attitude of conditional acceptance toward another person.
Humanistic Therapy • Rogers’ goal: to allow clients to lose their dependence on other people’s judgments and find congruence • Parents, teachers, etc. should not impose conditions of worth, but should allow for self-actualization • Unconditional Positive Regard: an attitude of total acceptance toward another person.
Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) • Focused on psychologically healthy people • To reach self-actualization, one must (relatively) satisfy a series of hierarchical needs:
Adler (inferiority) Self- Actualization Freud (Sex & Aggression) Esteem Love Safety PhysiologicalNeeds Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
