苏茜 安徽医科大学护理学院 E-mail:xixi19840505@163 2009-4-25

1. Quality of life 苏茜 安徽医科大学护理学院 E-mail:xixi19840505@163.com 2009-4-25

2. These should raise quality of life, enhance productivity, and provide an economic boost. http://en.veduchina.com/html/article/200811/40770.shtml

3. literatrue http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez

4. literature framework concept significance structure instrument

5. significance • In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as lifeitself. http://bbs.veduchina.com/attachment.aspx?attachmentid=32477

6. significance • Quality of life is emerging as a central construct within many disciplines, such as those comprising the social sciences, economics, and medicine. Its attractions, in part, is that it offers an alternative to some traditional disciplinary views about how to measure success. http://acqol.deakin.edu.au/introduction/index.htm

7. significance • it directs attention onto the positive aspects of people's lives, thus running counter to the deficit orientation of these disciplines. • it extends the traditional objective measures of health, wealth, and social functioning to include subjective perceptions of well-being. http://acqol.deakin.edu.au/introduction/index.htm

8. Perspectives • Quality of life is a construct used by many different disciplines. This is one of the features that makes attendance at quality of life conferences so interesting and challenging. Each discipline has its own received wisdom as to how to describe the information that defines their area of interest. So when a construct like 'Quality of life' is incorporated into these different disciplinary contexts, it emerges in forms that are biased towards each discipline. http://acqol.deakin.edu.au/introduction/index.htm

9. concept • Individual • organization

10. concepts • Andrews:良好的感觉； • Cribb:对现时生活的满意程度； • Holmes:生命质量意味着一种幸福，是在生活中体现真正的自我，摆脱虚伪，泰然处世的状态； • Dubos:对自己每日生活活动有深切的满感； • Levi:对由个人或群体感受到的躯体、心理、社会各方面的良好生活适应状态的一种综合测量，而测量结果是用幸福感、满意感或满足感来表示的。 万崇华、罗家洪，杨铮，等.癌症患者生命质量测定与应用[M]，北京：科学出版社，6-7

11. concepts • Szalai:对生存满意的综合评价 • Fayos:病人自我管理生活的能力 • Cella:生命质量是病人对现在的功能状态与与其预期或认为可到达的功能状态相比时产生的赞同感和满足感 • Shumaker:个体对生活和个人良好状态的总体满足感 • Schipper:病人对疾病与治疗产生的躯体、心理和社会反映的一种实用的、日常的功能描述 万崇华、罗家洪，杨铮，等.癌症患者生命质量测定与应用[M]，北京：科学出版社，6-7

12. concepts • Quality of life is defined as individual’s perceptions of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals,expectations,standards and concern. ———WHO生命质量研究组 万崇华、罗家洪，杨铮，等.癌症患者生命质量测定与应用[M]，北京：科学出版社，6-7

13. concepts • Quality of life is both objective and subjective. Each of these two axes comprises several domains which, together, define the total construct. Objective domains are measured through culturally relevant indices of objective well-being. Subjective domains are measured through questions of satisfaction ——Austranian centre on quality of life http://acqol.deakin.edu.au/introduction/index.htm

14. concepts • The degree to which a person enjoys the important possibilities of his or her life. ——the Quality of Life Research Unit, was developed at the Centre for Health Promotion, University of Toronto. http://www.utoronto.ca/qol/concepts.htm

15. The concept of health-related quality of life refers to a person or group's perceived physical and mental health over time. QOL medicine Health-related quality of life Health-related quality of life

16. 1949年 Karnofshky和Burchenal用机能状况表对癌症化疗病人进行身体机能测定。1976年 Phesman等人用线性模拟自我评估(linear analogue self-assessment)对乳癌病人化疗前后的健康感觉、情绪、活动水平、疼痛、恶心、食欲、家庭事务能力、社会活动、焦虑水平进行的测定。1977年 IM(Index Medicus)第一次用Quality of life作为医学主题词取代Philosophy，收入MeSH(Medical Subject Headings)。1985年 美国FDA开始在接受新药时须同时递交药物对病人生存质量和生存时间的资料。 The development of HRQOL

17. concepts • Possibilities result from the opportunities and limitations each person has in his/her life and reflect the interaction of personal and environmental factors. Enjoyment has two components: the experience of satisfaction or the possession or achievement of some characteristic, as illustrated by the expression: “She enjoys good health." http://www.utoronto.ca/qol/concepts.htm

18. structure • 在医学领域中对生命质量的认识也未完全统一，但正如Aaroson所指出的的那样，以下两点是比较公认的： • 生命质量是一个多维的概念，包括身体机能、心理功能、社会功能以及与疾病或治疗有关的症状； • 生命质量是主观的评价指标，应由被测者自己评价。

19. structure 身体机能 宗教信仰 精神寄托 心理状况 WHO 生活环境 独立能力 社会关系

20. structure psychological environments functioning physical spiritual opportunities for maintaining and enhancing skills http://www.utoronto.ca/qol/concepts.htm

21. Generic instrument Domain of cancer measure Cancer specific Cancer Generic

22. instrument

23. Cancer Generic instrument

24. The Quality of Life Profile • developed to provide a measure that considers both the components and determinants of health and well-being. It draws upon a conceptual model that is consistent with recent definitions of health and health promotion as provided by the World Health Organization.

25. concept • The term Quality of Life used by politicians and economists to measure broader social effects of policies, such as the effect that reducing graffiti or vandalism might have on the wellbeing of local residents. • Two widely known measures of a country's liveability are the Economist Intelligence Unit'squality of life index and the Mercer Quality of Living Survey. Both measures calculate the liveability of countries around the world through a combination of subjective life-satisfaction surveys and objective determinants of quality of life such as divorce rates, safety, and infrastructure. Such measures relate more broadly to the population of a city, state, or country, not to the individual level. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_of_life

26. your personal satisfaction (or dissatisfaction) with the cultural or intellectual conditions under which you live (as distinct from material comfort) http://dict.veduchina.com/en/w/quality%20of%20life

27. Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy- • Fatigue Subscale Score (FACT-F) Version 3. FACT-F • is a forty-seven-item cancer-specific questionnaire consisting • of a core twenty-seven-item general questionnaire (FACT-G) • measuring physical well-being (PWB), social/family wellbeing • (SWB), emotional well-being (EWB), and functional • well-being (FWB), as well as a twenty-item anemia questionnaire • (FACT-An Anemia subscale) that includes the thirteen • fatigue-related FACT-F items (e.g., “ I feel weak all over”, • “I am too tired to eat”) and seven anemia nonfatigue related • items. FACT-F scores range from 0 (minimum fatigue) to • 52 (maximum fatigue). The FACT-F has been found to be • valid and reliable (test–retest intraclass correlation coefficient • 0.87, Cronbach’s alpha 0.96) and easy to complete with • an average time for completion of 15 minutes (3).

28. the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to measure • anxiety and depression (

29. No differences in health • status or HRQL existed between those patients diagnosed with • cancer and those found not to have cancer.

30. 有配偶的更满意护理随访

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