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An Introduction to the Neuroscience of Gender

An Introduction to the Neuroscience of Gender. Gender and the Brain Hormones- memory Neuroanatomy-language Neurophysiology-heart Neurochemistry-anxiety Quiz. Gender and Hormones. Oxytocin Testosterone Estrogen Differences between men and women How does this relate clinically?

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An Introduction to the Neuroscience of Gender

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  1. An Introduction to the Neuroscience of Gender

  2. Gender and the Brain Hormones- memory Neuroanatomy-language Neurophysiology-heart Neurochemistry-anxiety Quiz

  3. Gender and Hormones • Oxytocin • Testosterone • Estrogen • Differences between men and women • How does this relate clinically? • Types of memory • A case history

  4. Types of Memory

  5. Types of Memory Procedural • Regions involved • “How” Memories Declarative • Semantic versus Episodic • Facts versus Events • “Who”, “What” versus “When”, “Where” Memories Working Memory Forgetting Memory and Intelligence

  6. Mary’s Story 58 year old housewife, mother of two. Memory loss since age 52, feels it has progressed Mixed up words Needed “Post-its for everything” Couldn’t dial numbers well “Phased out” during conversations Felt “fuzzy in the mind” Became irritable and snappy

  7. Case History (SH):Menopause Related Memory Loss

  8. Case History (SH):Menopause Related Memory Loss

  9. Cognitive and mood changes observed in peri-menopause and menopause • Reduced verbal memory • Reduced visual memory • Reduces word fluency, naming • Reasoning • Recall and delayed recall • Impaired concentration and attention • Depressed mood • May affect other mental functions

  10. Synaptic Changes on Estrogen

  11. Neuroanatomy- Language • Gray matter • White matter • Men vs Women

  12. Neurophysiology and Gender • Broken heart syndrome- Takotsubo’s cardiomyopathy • Stroke

  13. Takotsubo’s Cardiomyopathy

  14. Neurochemistry and Gender • Serotonin • Norephinephrine • Acetylcholine • GABA, Glutamate

  15. Gender and Mood Disorders Childhood familial environment and adverse experiences: Females are at greater risk of sexual abuse and seem to be more sensitive to the effect of adverse experiences in childhood  Prior depression and anxiety disorders: Females are at increased risk of depression and anxiety disorders at earlier ages  Social roles and cultural norms: Role limitation with associated lack of choice, role overload and competing social roles contribute to females' increased risk of depressive illness  Adverse life events Females do not experience higher rates of adverse life events but may differ in experience Vulnerability and coping style No consistent gender differences Social support  No contribution Genetic factors No direct contribution Gonadal hormones Partial effect, although smaller than that of environmental variables  Adrenal axis and thyroid axis Contrasting findings for adrenal axis; Limited role for thyroid axis  Neurotransmitter systems Uncertainty about their effects BJP-2010

  16. Quiz • Types of Memory? • Language in Women? • Name some neurotransmitters • Takotsubo’s Cardiomyopathy

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