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The Russian Revolution. terms to define. Bolshevik collectivization kulaks purges totalitarianism Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Other terms to Know. Politburo - principle policy making committee of the communist party in Russia
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terms to define • Bolshevik • collectivization • kulaks • purges • totalitarianism • Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Other terms to Know • Politburo - principle policy making committee of the communist party in Russia • Commissar - An official in the communist party who was responsible for education. The Commissar kept an eye on every department for Stalin (including the military and police) • NKVD - was the leading secret police organization of the Soviet Union that was responsible for repressions during Stalinism • Gulag - the government agency that administered the penal labor camps. Often found in the cold harsh climate of Siberia • Red Army - military arm of the Bolsheviks created by Trotsky • White Army - loyal to the Czar. Would fight with British, American, and Canadian soldiers to defeat communism
The Causes • Czar Nicholas II failed to win a victory against the Japanese in 1905 • Bloody Sunday - Bread riots break out in the streets . The Czar sends in the troops. Over 200 are killed.
Causes Continued- Tannenberg • Russia entered the war in 1914 • They would suffer a humiliating defeat at the battle of Tannenberg • 95000 captured • 30 000 killed • 500 heavy guns captured
Russian Society • 85% Peasant farmers • 100 years behind in industrialization (i.e.: no hospitals, roads, running water) • Czar’s ruled their people with an Iron Fist • Wealth concentrated in 1%of society
Issues with the Czar • Married a German princess • His heir was deathly ill • they be friend the strange and morally repugnant Rasputin, who supposedly used magic to heal the Czar’s son
the end of the Romonav Dynasty • The Czar had failed against Japan and now against the Germans • The army, the only thing that he could oppress the masses with, no longer would follow his orders. • March 15th, 1917 he steps down from the throne
The Provisional Government • Alexander Kerensky would Lead the new government (Duma = Russian Parliament • Failed to gain victories in the war • Failed to give land to the Peasants • Revolutionary fever was beginning to grow (France all over)
Vladimir Lenin • Germans sneak a Russian Revolutionary into Russia • His Bolsheviks will grow from 20 000 in April to 200 000 in the fall • They would be known as the Red Army and they were becoming the voice of the people
Russian Army Revolts • The Russian army was still suffering heavy casualties at the front • Lavr Kornilov marches the Russian army on the Provisional government in Moscow • Kerenski needs help to save Russia from a dictator. He turns to Lenin and the Red Army • Kerenski gives the Bolsheviks positions of power in the government
The October Revolution • More and more people upset with the lack of success of the new government. It was time for the Bolsheviks to strike • Lenin promised land, an end to the war and bread • In October the Bolsheviks seize the telegraphs, radio, train stations, newspapers and police stations • Kerenski fled but Lenin and Trotsky would fight a five year civil war to firmly establish communism in Russia
Impact Of the Revolution • By 1922 the Communists in firm control • USSR until 1992 • By the end of WW2 the USSR will make up one of the Superpowers that will polarize politics for the last 50 years of the 20th Century
Vladimir Lenin • Mastermind of the Bolshevik take over of Russia • First Head of the Soviet State • Lenin demonstrated a chilling disregard for the sufferings of his country men and crushed all opposition
Josef Stalin • Took over from Lenin • Ruthless, killing millions of his own people that stood in his way • Responsible for building the Soviet Union into a Superpower and building the war machine that would lead to the defeat of the Nazi’s
Leon Trotsky • He was Lenin’s right hand man in the take over of Russia • Made war commissar and built the Red Army • Stalin, with the help of the NKVD, turns the party against him and he escapes to Mexico • Stabbed with an ice pick in Mexico by an NKVD agent in 1939