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Computer Graphics (The history of CG)

Computer Graphics (The history of CG). 한신대학교 컴퓨터공학부 류승택 2011 년 2 학기. The history of CG. 1955 : SAGE (Semi-Automatic Ground Environment) Machine is created uses first light pen 1963 : Ivan Sutherland (called father of C.G) demonstrated the Sketchpad

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Computer Graphics (The history of CG)

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  1. Computer Graphics (The history of CG) 한신대학교 컴퓨터공학부 류승택 2011년 2학기

  2. The history of CG • 1955 : SAGE (Semi-Automatic Ground Environment) Machine is created • uses first light pen • 1963 : Ivan Sutherland (called father of C.G) demonstrated the Sketchpad • Interactive Graphics Software at M.I.T

  3. The history of CG • 1963 : Douglas Englebart invents the mouse • 1965 : The first C.G department at U. of Utah. • 1968 : Ivan Sutherland builds the first heads-up display

  4. The history of CG • 1970: Pierre Bezier develops a way to represent smooth curve called “Bezier Curve” • 1971 : Gouraud shading is introduced. • 1972 : Video Game Pong developed for Atari. • 1974 : Ed catmull develops the Z-buffer algorithm Dick shoup invents SuperPaint software. • 1975 : Phong shading is introduced (Bui-Toung Phong)

  5. The history of CG • 1975 : Martin Newell develops a CG version of teapot, called Utah teapot. • 1975: Bill Gates founds Microsoft with Paul Allen. • 1976 : Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs build Apple Computer. • 1980 : Turner Whitted introduces ray tracing.

  6. The history of CG • 1981 : IBM introduces the PC. • 1982 : the first C.G film, Disney’s TRON. • 1982: Star track Ⅱ the wrath of Kahn

  7. The history of CG • 1983 : Autodesk introduces the first PC based CAD software • 1984 : Wavefront was founded by Bill Kovacs first commercially available 3D software package • 1984: Apple introduces the Macintosh • 1986 : the visible Human project is planned • 1986: Luxo Jr. nominated for Oscar first CGI film to be nominated - Pixar

  8. The history of CG • 1988: Pixar wins an academy Award for the short film “Tin Toy”. • 1989: ILM creates a water creature for the movie “Abyss”. • 1992 : The CAVE, Virtual Reality theater developed at the U. of Illinois.

  9. The history of CG • 1994: ILM(Industrial Light & Magic) wins an Oscar for special effects in the Jurassic Park. • 1995 : Pixar’s John Lasseter receives a special achievement Academy Award for Toy story.

  10. The history of CG • 1998 : Digital Domain receives an Academy Award on the Titanic. • 1998: Alias Maya released • 1998: Geri's Game (Pixar) awarded the Academy Award for Animated Short

  11. The history of CG • 1999 : Star Wars Episode I The phantom Menace contains 66 digital characters. • 1999: The Matrix : Bullet Time

  12. The Matrix • Applied Techniques • Photogrammetric modeling, Projective texture-mapping, Bullet Time WalkThrough

  13. The history of CG • 2000: Playstation 2 released • 2001: Microsoft xBox Nintendo Gamecube released • 2001: Significant FX movies Final Fantasy(Square) Monsters Inc.(Pixar) Tomb Raider (Cinesite) Planet of the Apes (Asylum) Harry Potter, A.I., Lord of the Rings, Shrek(PDI) The Mummy Returns, Jurassic Park III, Pearl Harbor (ILM) • 2002: Alias|Wavefront, an SGI company, was awarded an ACADEMY AWARD OF MERIT Oscar for its development of Maya software.

  14. The history of CG • 2003: Oscar nominees • for Achievement in visual effects: • THE LORD OF THE RINGS: THE TWO TOWERS (WINNER); • SPIDER-MAN • STAR WARS EPISODE II ATTACK OF THE CLONES • ICE AGE nominated for Best Animated Feature Film Reference: http://accad.osu.edu/~waynec/history/timeline.html

  15. The history of CG • 2004: Oscar nominees • for Best animated feature • Finding Nemo - Andrew Stanton • for Achievement in Visual Effects • Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King - Jim Rygiel … • 2005: Oscar nominees • for Best animated feature • Brad Bird - The Incredibles (Pixar) • Bill Damasschka - Shark Tale (Dream works) • Andrew Adamson – Shrek2 (PDI) • for Achievement in Visual Effects • Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban - Roger Guyett, … • Adobe purchases Macromedia for US$3.4B.

  16. The history of CG • 2006: Oscar nominees • for Best animated feature • “Howl’s Moving Castle” (Buena Vista) • “Tim Burton’s Corpse Bride” (Warner Bros.) • for Achievement in Visual Effects • “The Chronicles of Narnia” (Buena Vista) • “King Kong” (Universal) • 2006: Pixar Studio • Short Film: 'One Man Band' • Animation: Cars • Disney acquires Pixar for $7.4B • SIGGRAPH 2006 Best Ani • One Rat Short

  17. The history of CG • 2007: Oscar nominees • for Best animated feature • “Cars” (Buena Vista) • “Happy Feet” (Warner Bros.) •  “Monster House” (Sony Pictures Releasing) • for Achievement in Visual Effects • “Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man’s Chest” (Buena Vista) • “Poseidon” (Warner Bros.) • “Superman Returns” (Warner Bros.) • 2007: Disney/Pixar • Animation: “Ratatouille” • SIGGRAPH 2007 Best Ani • Ark(thearkfilm)

  18. The history of CG • Academy Award • for Best animated feature • 2007 : Ratatouille (Disney/Pixar) • 2008 : WALL-E (Disney/Pixar) • 2009 : Up (Disney/Pixar) • 2010 : Toy Story 3 (Disney/Pixar) • for Best Visual Effects • 2007: The Golden Compass (New Line Cinema) • 2008 : The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (Warner Bros) • 2009 : Avatar (Lightstorm Entertainment) • 2010 : Inception (Warner Bros) • SIGGRAPH Best Ani • 2008 : Oktapodi • 2009 : French Roast • 2010 : Loom

  19. The history of CG(Computer Game  Movie) • 2005: Universal Pictures • Movie: Doom • 2006: • Movie: Dead or Alive

  20. Applications • Applications • Entertainment • CAD (Computer-Aided Design) • Scientific Visualization • Training • Education • E-commerse • Computer Art • Virtual Reality

  21. Applications Movie • Entertainment Animation Jurassic Park III (Industrial Light & Magic) Geri’s Game (Pixar Animation Studio) Game DOOM 3 (ID Software)

  22. Modeling • Curved surfaces • Subdivision surfaces

  23. Applications • Computer-Aided Design Gear Shaft Design (Intergraph Corporation) Los Angeles Airport (Bill Jepson, UCLA) Boeing 777 Airplane (Boeing Corporation)

  24. Applications • CAD

  25. Applications • Scientific Visualization Numerical Model of a Thunderstorm Bob Wilhelmson, Univ. Illinois Apo A-1 Theoretical Biophysic Group, Univ. Illinois Visible Human National Library Medicine

  26. Applications • Training Driving Simulation (Evan & Sutherland) Desk Assembly (Silicon Graphics, Inc.) Flight Simulation (NASA)

  27. Applications • Training (Simulation)

  28. Applications • Education Forum of Trajan (Bill Jepson, UCLA) Human Skeleton (SGI)

  29. Applications • E-commerce Virtual Phone Store (Lucent Technologies) Interactive Kitchen Planner (Matsushita)

  30. Applications • Computer Art Painterly Rendering(Aaron Hertzmann ‘98) Photomosaic (JinWan Park 2004)

  31. Applications • Virtual Reality

  32. Display hardware • vector displays • 1963 – modified oscilloscope • 1974 – Evans and Sutherland Picture System • raster displays • 1975 – Evans and Sutherland frame buffer • 1980s – cheap frame buffers  bit-mapped personal computers • 1990s – liquid-crystal displays  laptops • 2000s – micro-mirror projectors  digital cinema • 2010s – high dynamic range displays? • other • stereo, head-mounted displays • autostereoscopic displays

  33. Input hardware • 2D • light pen, tablet, mouse, joystick, track ball, touch panel, etc. • 1970s & 80s - CCD analog image sensor + frame grabber

  34. Input hardware • 2D • 1990s & 2000’s - CMOS digital sensor + in-camera processing • high-dynamic range (HDR) imaging

  35. Input hardware • 3D • 1980s - 3D trackers • 1990s - active rangefinders • 4D and higher • multiple cameras • multi-arm gantries

  36. Rendering • 1960s - the visibility problem • Roberts (1963), Appel (1967) - hidden-line algorithms • Warnock (1969), Watkins (1970) - hidden-surface algorithms • Sutherland (1974) - visibility = sorting

  37. Rendering • 1970s - raster graphics • Gouraud (1971) - diffuse lighting • Phong (1974) - specular lighting

  38. Rendering • 1970s - raster graphics • Blinn (1974) - curved surfaces, texture • Catmull (1974) - Z-buffer hidden-surface algorithm • Crow (1977) - anti-aliasing

  39. Rendering • early 1980s - global illumination • Whitted (1980) - ray tracing • Goral, Torrance et al. (1984), Cohen (1985) - radiosity • Kajiya (1986) - the rendering equation

  40. Rendering • late 1980s - photorealism • Cook (1984) - shade trees • Perlin (1985) - shading languages • Hanrahan and Lawson (1990) - RenderMan

  41. Rendering • early 1990s - non-photorealistic rendering • Drebin et al. (1988), Levoy (1988) - volume rendering

  42. Rendering • early 1990s - non-photorealistic rendering • Haeberli (1990) - impressionistic paint programs • Salesin et al. (1994-) - automatic pen-and-ink illustration • Meier (1996) - painterly rendering

  43. the traditional pipeline the new pipeline The graphics pipeline modeling animation rendering 3Dscanning motioncapture image-based rendering

  44. Numerical data Picture (Image) data input output What is Computer Graphics ? • Humans Communicate well with images • 1/3 of our brain is devoted to visual processing • A picture is worth a thousand words • WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) paradigm • Definition : Picture style I/O technology involving the • Creation • manipulation • storing and • display of pictures with the aid of computer

  45. What is Computer Graphics ? • What is CG? • Imaging : Representing 2D images • Modeling : Representing 3D objects • Rendering : Constructing 2D images from 3D objects • Animation : Simulating changes over time

  46. Interdisciplinary: Theory and Practice • Science • Physics of light, color and appearance • Projective geometry and perspective • Mathematics of curves and surfaces • Engineering • Hardware: Graphics/media processors • Software: Graphics Libraries, window systems • Art and Perception • Color: Harmony and Perception • Composition, Lighting, …

  47. Computer Graphics vs Image Processing (1/2) • Computer Graphics(C.G) • a computer is used to create a picture. • model based approach • concerns pictorial synthesis of real or imagery objects from computer based model • deals with vector data • ex) Jurassic park, Doom 3

  48. Computer Graphics vs Image Processing (2/2) • Image Processing (I.P) • a computer is used to modify or interpret existing pictures. • processing of sensor based data • concerns scene analysis. • improving picture quality • machine perception of visual info • deals with pixel data ex) Recognition of car license plate Interpretation of satellite image

  49. Course objectives : (1/2) generation of photo-realistic Images • Two different views in studying CG • A graphics system user’s view (Computer Graphic) • interested in what images are produced by using graphics S/W • industrial design, visual art • A system programmer’s view (Computer Graphics) • how to write a physics-based application program (package) for users. • interested in the development of fast and accurate graphics software

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