1 / 10

Conditional sentences

Conditional sentences. If you should learn these, you would be wise. . What it is…. A conditional sentence expresses a hypothetical situation: If you take Latin, you are awesome. If you were taking Latin, you would be awesome If you will take Latin, you will be awesome

thais
Download Presentation

Conditional sentences

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Conditional sentences If you should learn these, you would be wise. 

  2. What it is… • A conditional sentence expresses a hypothetical situation: • If you take Latin, you are awesome. • If you were taking Latin, you would be awesome • If you will take Latin, you will be awesome • Notice that in each of these, the sentence is made up of two bits: • The conditional, “if,” bit, called the protasis. • Introduced usually by “si,” if, or “nisi,” if not/unless • The main clause, or conclusion, called the “apodosis.”

  3. But not all situations are equally hypothetical… • If you are taking notes (and you very likely are), you are one of Mrs. J’s favorite students. • This type of conditional is called the SIMPLE FACT PRESENT. • The fact that this is likely makes it less hypothetical, so the Romans used the INDICATIVE (normal) mood. • Si Latinamdiscis, mirabilis es.

  4. Another type of simple conditional sentence • Simple fact—past. • Both verbs are in a past tense, (the imperfect or perfect tenses) and the indicative mood. • If you said that (and you likely did), you were right. • Si dixisti, rectus fuisti.

  5. One last simple type • Simple fact—future (or the “future more vivid”) • If you study[will study] (and many of you likely will), you will be prepared for the exam.

  6. But what’s the point of living without the subjunctive? Hypothetical conditions • Contrary to fact—present • If I were studying (but I’m not…I’m watching Pacifica for the 15th time…) I would be good. • If you were singing, you would be happy. • These use an IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE in both clauses. • NOTE: Impf subjunctive = infinitive form + personal endings

  7. Latin examples • Si hoc diceres, esses. • If you WERE SAYING this (but you’re not), you WOULD BE right. • Si linguamHispanicamdisceres, tristisesses. • If you WERE LEARNING Spanish (but you’re not), you WOULD BE sad. • Notice the translation: • If… were, …would be.

  8. What about the past? • If I had said it in Latin, I would have been awesome. • si id linguāLatinādixissem, mirabilis fuissem. • Now we use the PLUPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE in both.

  9. And one more… • Future less vivid (or the “should/would”) • If you should do this (and maybe you will, maybe you won’t), you would be happy. • Uses the present subjunctive in both clauses • Si hoc facias, laetussis.

  10. Strategies to help you remember… • Recognize the patterns for subjunctives: • Present subjunctive = • We beat fat friars • Imperfect subjunctive = • Infinitive form + personal endings • Pluperfect subjunctive = • 3rd part + isse + personal ending • It seems odd that the Contrary to Fact—Present uses imperfect? Think about how we say it in English: • If I were on vacation right now (but I’m not, I’m here teaching Latin), I would be swimming and getting a tan. • We use the imperfect, too!

More Related