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Analysis of Istanbul Water Supply System & Operation Policies Bihrat ÖNÖZ Beyhan YEĞEN

Analysis of Istanbul Water Supply System & Operation Policies Bihrat ÖNÖZ Beyhan YEĞEN Yiğit UÇAR Istanbul Technical University. Istanbul City situated on 2 continents Europe & Asia on both sides of Bosphorous.

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Analysis of Istanbul Water Supply System & Operation Policies Bihrat ÖNÖZ Beyhan YEĞEN

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  1. Analysis of Istanbul Water Supply System & Operation Policies Bihrat ÖNÖZ Beyhan YEĞEN Yiğit UÇAR Istanbul Technical University

  2. Istanbul City situated on 2 continents Europe & Asia on both sides of Bosphorous. • Naturally, the water supply system and dams are on both sides of the city and water transmission from Asia to Europe is possible by a sub water passage.

  3. Optimization of reservoir operation is important during, Planning, Design, Construction phases. The operation rule in real time for a long duration is determined by optimization with mean incoming flows; for a short duration is determined by estimation of the future incoming flows.

  4. Reservoir operation rule may be obtained to establish a balance within time, between purposes and between reservoirs. In this study, operation policies are to be analysed by achieving a balance within time using past flow data and targets. Firstly standard operation policy, Secondly hedging policy will be used.

  5. if Xt+ St < Tt→ Yt = Xt + St if Tt<Xt + St<Tt + C → Yt = Tt if Tt + C < Xt + St → Yt = Xt + St – C sop simple and in many cases gives good results BUT in dry periods when sufficient water is not present, the usage of all water is of subject giving way to reservoir being completely emptied.

  6. HEDGING POLICY The extent at which a storage basin meets the demand is measured by performance indices. sop maximizes reliability and resiliencyBUT great deficiencies may emerge! As a tool for decreasing deficiencies hedging policy may be used. That is to say that some portion of the water is saved for future use in periods when water is scarce. Hedging decreases reliability and resiliency by a quantity, decreases mean and especially the variance of max. deficiency as well.

  7. DRY PERIOD • Since max. deficiencies are closely related to dry period, analysis of dry period was inevitable. • This analysis was performed as a runs analysis. • Considering the weight of Ömerli Dam within the system, dry period was determined as 1988-1994. • However operation records of ISKI were only available for 1989-2004 causing the dry period to be 1989-1994. • BUT on analysis of European side water amounts given to the city it was noticed that effects of dry period continued in years 1995 and 1996; so the dry period was decided to be taken as 1989-1996.

  8. TARGET VALUES By examining the amounts of water ISKI gave to the city, monthly water targets to be given to the city have been determined separately for the two sides. To find the monthly target value, the mean of yield/month have been taken excluding the values belonging to 1989-1996 years.

  9. Investigation of ISKI operation policy

  10. European side For analysing ISKI’s operation policy closely, Xt + St vs Yt graphs have been obtained for the sum of Alibeyköy-Terkos reservoirs, for the dry years and non-dry years. Less water is given to the city during dry years with respect to non-dry years. This gives way to deficiencies. Asian side Ömerli reservoir, similar results.

  11. ISKI operation, yield vs available water diagram for month July (European side)

  12. ISKI operation,yield vs available water for month June (Asian side)

  13. Operation of system by standard operation policy

  14. Operation of system by hedging policy

  15. A stepwise (2 steps) hedging has been performed. • The limit values of the steps have been determined by trial and error. • Emergence of deficiencies also continued.

  16. Standard operation and hedging policies, yield vs available water diagram for month September (European side)

  17. Standard operation and hedging policies, yield vs available water diagram for month September (Asian side)

  18. Results • Dry period of the system has been accepted as 1988-1994. • The monthly target values for non-dry years have been determined. • ISKI operation has been investigated. It is possible to deduce that ISKI follows a certain policy. • European side Comparison of ISKI to so and ho Especially during summer months so deficiencies increase significantly,for all months ho deficiencies decrease significantly with respect to ISKI. Insufficient reliability of data. • Asian side Similar results, but the betterment of ho is no too much.

  19. Thank you for your attention

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