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13.10-13.12

13.10-13.12. Steroidal Hormones. 13.10. Cholesterol forms progesterone. Progesterone is then turned into steroids and sex hormones through bodily processes and lab. . 13.10 What are some of the Physiological Roles of Steroid Hormones. Adrenocorticoid steroids-

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13.10-13.12

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  1. 13.10-13.12 Steroidal Hormones

  2. 13.10 • Cholesterol forms progesterone. • Progesterone is then turned into steroids and sex hormones through bodily processes and lab.

  3. 13.10 What are some of the Physiological Roles of Steroid Hormones • Adrenocorticoid steroids- • Adrenal (adjacent to the kidney) • Corticoid( Outer cortex of the gland) • Cortisol : The major glucocorticoid. It is a hormone primarily used to relieve stress during the body’s physiological reaction to stress. • Cortisol (Hydrocortisone) and Cortisone are common steroids used to treat inflammation.

  4. Sex Hormones • Testosterone- Male sex hormone, synthesized in the testes from cholesterol. • Estradiol – Female sex hormone, synthesized by aromatization of testosterone. • Estradiol, along with progesterone regulates the female cyclic process of menstruation.

  5. 13.11 Bile Salts • Bile salts are synthesized from the oxidation of cholesterol. • Formed with the amide bond and creates either glycine or taurine • Bile salts are powerful emulsifiers. They disperse lipids in the intestines, similar to soap and dirt. • Bile salts are an important way that the body regulates cholesterol levels.

  6. 13.12What are Prostaglandins, Thromboxanesand Leukotrienes. • Prostaglandinns • Discovered by Kurzrok and Lieb in the 1930’s • They are fatty acid like substances found in seminal fluid that cause the uterus to contract. • Created by a ring closure at 8 and 12 in arachidonic acid. • Used in treatment of asthma and congestion.

  7. Thromboxanes are derived from PGH2 • They are also formed by ring closures, but the ring is a cyclic acetal. • Thromboxane is a coagulant. It is blocked by NSAID’s such as aspirin. It can be dangerous in people at high risk for heart attack.

  8. Leukotrienes are mediators of hormonal responses. • They occur mostly in leukocytes. • It is 100x stronger than histamines causing extreme muscle contractions in the lungs. • It is often treated by LTRs in high risk asthma patients.

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