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Optics

Optics. A Bar at the Folies-Bergère , Édouard Manet Oil on canvas, 1882. What distortions can you find in this painting that give it an unusual “feel?”. The Swing , Pierre-Auguste Renoir Oil on canvas, 1876. How does this painting give evidence that light carries information?. click for

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Optics

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  1. Optics A Bar at the Folies-Bergère, Édouard Manet Oil on canvas, 1882 What distortions can you find in this painting that give it an unusual “feel?” The Swing, Pierre-Auguste Renoir Oil on canvas, 1876 How does this painting give evidence that light carries information? click for applet

  2. Mirrors and Reflection of Light Plane Mirror Conclusions Incident angle equals reflected angle. Law of Reflection means θi = θr Image location (or distance) equals object distance, do = di Image orientationseems invertedhorizontally (left/right), but is not. click for applet click for applet Image size is the same as the object, therefore heights are equal, ho = hi Image type is virtual. Rays of light appear to diverge from image point, and cannot physically converge onto a surface. ho hi Apparent path length of light equals actual path length of light do di

  3. Virtual Images A virtual image is formed when rays appear to diverge from a point. image For a mirror, a virtual image will form behind the mirror, and it is upright. mirror θr θi A virtual image cannot be cast onto a surface, but is seen in with the eye. object eye eye click for applet click for applet

  4. Reflection of Light Light always obeys the Law of Reflection but the surface irregularities (compared to the wavelength of light) determine whether the reflection is specular or diffuse. Multiple mirrors produce many reflections! click for applet click for applet

  5. Real Images A real image is formed when rays actually converge to an point. For a mirror, a real image will form in front of the mirror, and it is inverted. A real image often appears on a surface, and then seen with the eye, but can also be viewed in a mirror. (A virtual image is only seen in a mirror) real image virtual image

  6. Curved Mirrors Some variables F = focus (or focal pt) f = focal length R = radius of curvature C = center of curvature CONCAVE MIRROR CONVEX MIRROR Light that reflects off a spherical mirror will not focus clearly. A smaller mirror, or a parabolic mirror, avoids spherical aberration. SPHERICAL MIRROR PARABOLIC MIRROR

  7. Ray Diagrams - Mirrors Principal Rays click for applet click for applet click for applet click for applet An incident ray parallel to the principal axis, reflects back through, or from, the focal point. An incident ray through, from, or towards the focal point, reflects back parallel to the principal axis. An incident ray through, from, or towards the center of curvature, reflects back along itself.

  8. Mirror Sign Conventions REAL (in front of mirror) VIRTUAL (behind mirror) REAL (in front of mirror) VIRTUAL (behind mirror) REAL (in front of mirror) VIRTUAL (behind mirror) CONVERGING (concave) DIVERGING (convex) INVERTED UPRIGHT INVERTED UPRIGHT Note: magnification sign does not indicate image size. If |M| < 1 image is smaller, |M| > 1 image is larger.

  9. Mirror Summary behind mirror | di | = do same upright virtual anywhere behind mirror | di | > do between mirror and F larger upright virtual in front, beyond C di > do between F and C larger inverted real in front, at C di = do same inverted real at C in front, btw F & C di < do smaller inverted real beyond C behind mirror | di | < do anywhere smaller upright virtual

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