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ES2002 Business Communication

ES2002 Business Communication. Intercultural Communication. Definition of culture.

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ES2002 Business Communication

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  1. ES2002 Business Communication Intercultural Communication

  2. Definition of culture “Culture is the coherent, learned, shared view a group of people has about life’s concerns that ranks what is important, instills attitudes about what things are appropriate, and prescribes behaviour, given that some things have more significance than others.” Source: Beamer’s & Varner’s Intercultural Communication in the Global Workplace ES2002 Business Communication: Intercultural Communication

  3. Seven Years in Tibet ES2002 Business Communication: Intercultural Communication

  4. ClothingFoodBehaviour AttitudesValuesBeliefsMeaningsNorms Photo by Cliff Wassman ES2002 Business Communication: Intercultural Communication

  5. “Very often the way others do things is not different out of stupidity or carelessness or incompetence or malice … Most people do what seems the right thing to do at the time … And the judgment of what is right is rooted in beliefs, values, attitudes, as well as habit, tradition, and accepted norms.” Mole (1996) ES2002 Business Communication: Intercultural Communication

  6. Different cultural groups • National • Ethnic group • Religious group • Gender • Economic • Profession • IMPORTANT • Statements made • mere generalizations • Norms of a culture • change ES2002 Business Communication: Intercultural Communication

  7. Outline • Fundamental cultural orientations • Verbal communication • Nonverbal communication • Culture’s influence on written business communication ES2002 Business Communication: Intercultural Communication

  8. Fundamental cultural orientations • How contexting and facesaving affect communication • How the individual is viewed in relation to the group • How time is perceived • How status is accorded • How decisions are made ES2002 Business Communication: Intercultural Communication

  9. Contexting and face saving Contexting and face saving • High context • Low reliance on verbal communication • More reliance on context, nonverbal cues, implicit information shared • Indirect and rather vague • Low context • High reliance on verbal communication • Less reliance on non-verbal communication • Direct, precise, and explicit Cultural orientations High context – High face saving Low context – Low face saving ES2002 Business Communication: Intercultural Communication

  10. Individual / group Individual / group • Individualist • The individual takes centre stage • Independence highly valued • A single person can earn credit / blame • Collectivist • The individual seen as part of the group • High degree of interdependence • Credit / blame goes to the group Cultural orientations ES2002 Business Communication: Intercultural Communication

  11. Time Time • Monochronic-time cultures • High emphasis on schedules, punctuality and promptness • Schedules take precedence over interpersonal relations • Polychronic-time cultures • Time viewed as more fluid and strict schedules not observed • Preset schedules are subordinate to interpersonal relations Cultural orientations ES2002 Business Communication: Intercultural Communication

  12. Status Status • Accorded based on individual achievements • Organizations less hierarchical • Titles used only when relevant to competence • Ascribed by virtue of age, family background, profession • Organizations more highly hierarchical • Extensive use of titles Cultural Orientations ES2002 Business Communication: Intercultural Communication

  13. Decision making Decision making • Discussing points • Seeking group consensus • Consulting organisations in negotiations Cultural orientations ES2002 Business Communication: Intercultural Communication

  14. Verbal communication • Choice of words & expressions • Organisation of messages • Clarity of pronunciation • Ambiguous words • Unfamiliar words • Acronyms • Idioms • Slang ES2002 Business Communication: Intercultural Communication

  15. Non-verbal communication • Body language • Posture • Head movements • Eye contact • Laughter • Touch • Physical space ES2002 Business Communication: Intercultural Communication

  16. Space between speakers Public Social-consultative Casual-personal Intimate Distance indicating degrees of intimacySource: Goodman’s Working in a Global Environment ES2002 Business Communication: Intercultural Communication

  17. Non-verbal communication • Tone, volume and speed • Turn-taking and silence ES2002 Business Communication: Intercultural Communication

  18. Culture’s influence on written business communication • In most English- speaking countries – preferred writing style direct, clear and concise • In many oriental cultures – preferred writing style indirect In Japan – kishotenketsu organizationKi – the small talkSho – raising the subject Ten – rolling the subject Ketsu – ending it beautifully ES2002 Business Communication: Intercultural Communication

  19. Culture’s influence on written business communication • Mechanics and format also differ • How dates are written • How names are written • How addresses are written ES2002 Business Communication: Intercultural Communication

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