Copy this chart onto a sheet of paper.

1. Copy this chart onto a sheet of paper.

2. Symbiosis An ecological relationship between 2 or more species

3. 4 main types of symbiosis • Predation • Parasitism • Commensalism • Mutualism

4. Predation • A predator (hunter) attacks its prey • Prey usually dies

5. Parasitism(+ -) • One organism benefits (+); one organism is harmed(-) • The parasite usually wants to keep the host alive because the host is the food source.

6. Commensalism(+, 0) • One organism benefits (+); one organism is unaffected (0)

7. Mutualism(+ +) • Both organisms benefit (+ +)

8. How to attack these questions… Identify the organisms and how they are affected

9. Let’s do one example together • In Central America there is a tree called bullhorn acacia (Acacia cornigera) that provides both food and shelter to a certain species of ant (Pseudomyrmex ferruginea). The ants live within the tree without causing it harm. In fact, the ants protect the tree by vigorously attacking and stinging other animals that try to eat it.

10. First thing… • Identify the two organisms involved

11. Identify the two organisms involved. • In Central America there is a tree called bullhorn acacia (Acacia cornigera) that provides both food and shelter to a certain species of ant (Pseudomyrmexferruginea). The ants live within the tree without causing it harm. In fact, the ants protect the tree by vigorously attacking and stinging other animals that try to eat it. Organism 2 Organism 1

12. Next thing… • Identify how each organism is affected

13. How is each organism affected? • In Central America there is a tree called bullhorn acacia (Acacia cornigera) that provides both food and shelter to a certain species of ant (Pseudomyrmexferruginea). The ants live within the tree without causing it harm. In fact, the ants protect the tree by vigorously attacking and stinging other animals that try to eat it. Tree gets protection (+) Ants get food and shelter (+)

14. Now determine the type of symbiosis! • Predator: hunter and prey • Parasitism: (+ -) • Commensalism: (+ 0) • Mutualism: (+ +)

15. This is MUTUALISM!!!! (++) • In Central America there is a tree called bullhorn acacia (Acacia cornigera) that provides both food and shelter to a certain species of ant (Pseudomyrmexferruginea). The ants live within the tree without causing it harm. In fact, the ants protect the tree by vigorously attacking and stinging other animals that try to eat it. Tree gets protection (+) Ants get food and shelter (+)

16. Let’s practice! Now’s your chance to break down these questions and determine the type of symbiosis! Grab your data tables from the beginning of class.

17. Example 1 Predation The African plains are home to millions of species of wildlife. After the dry season, many of the species are drawn back to the plains in search of water and food. Female lions are in charge of providing food for their cubs, and they often hunt gazelles and zebras by lying in the grass and pouncing.

18. Example 2 MUTUALISM A certain kind of bacteria lives in the intestines of humans and many other animals. The human cannot digest all of the food that it eats. The bacteria eat the food that the human cannot digest and to help digest it, allowing the human to finish the job.

19. Example 3 Parasitism Tapeworms are segmented flatworms that attach themselves to the insides of the intestines of animals such as cows, pigs, and humans. They get food by eating the host's partly digested food, depriving the host of nutrients.

20. Example 4 Commensalism Remora sharks are endowed with an adhesive disk on the dorsal surface of their heads.  They use this adhesive disk to “hitch a ride” on larger animals, usually whales, which tend to be sloppy eaters.  When food floats away from the whale’s mouth, the remora can unhitch itself and collect the scraps of food floating by. 

21. Example 5 Parasitism Malacosoma americanum, the eastern tent caterpillar, leaves its tents to feed on the leaves of local hawthorn plants.

22. Example 6 MUTUALISM Oxpeckers land on zebras and eat ticks and other parasites that live on their skin. The oxpeckers get food and the zebras get pest control. Also, when there is danger, the oxpeckers fly upward and scream a warning, which helps the zebra.

23. Example 7 Commensalism Clownfish are colorful species located in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Clownfish live among the forest of tentacles of a sea anemone, a poisonous species to most small fish. Clownfish have a special chemical in their skin which makes them immune to the sting of anemones. The clownfish is protected from potential predators not immune to the sting of the anemone.

24. Example 8 Predation Within a certain community, crows actively eat brightly colored beetles.

25. Independent Practice Time

26. Show me what you got! Clear your desk and get out your Exit Ticket sheet.

27. EXIT TICKET - SYMBIOSIS • When organisms interact in a way in which there is mutual benefit to each, it is called ___________. • The organism Splendiforouscheckusgrows specifically in the bloodstream of Harriuspotterus, causing itching, rash, and fever. The relationship between these two organisms is an example of ___________. • The bear waits in the stream for salmon to swim up to breed. As salmon jump through the air, the bear catches and eats them. This is an example of ________. • The remora is a fish that attaches to the side of sharks, using the sharks as an easy ride to the next location. This relationship is an example of __________. • The rat population in the backyard of a house is growing out of control. One biological way to reduce the population of rats is to introduce organisms that are • A. mutualistic with rat mothers B. nurtured by rat fathers • C. predators of rat young D. preyed on by rat families

28. Switch gears to IPC! Physical and Chemical Properties

29. Physical Properties • Properties of substances that we can directly measure

31. Physical Changes • Changes in the way the material looksor its physical properties, NOT the actual identity or chemical composition • EX: State changes, mixing, boiling, something you can UNDO

32. State changes of water A PHYSICAL CHANGE!

33. Physical Changes • Boiling/Condensation • Melting/Freezing • Mixing/Dissolving • Grinding/Smashing

34. Mixing and Dissolving – Physical Change! • Salt water – water will evaporate and leave salt behind

35. Physical Weathering • Rock is slowly weathered away by water, a physical change - The Grand Canyon

36. The RockCycle

37. Chemical Properties • How matter will change when it reacts with other matter • Ex: reactivity • Look out!!! When you see the following questions, they are asking about Chemical Properties • “_______reacts with _______” or • “_____ chemically combines with ____ to form ______”

38. Chemical Changes • A change that alters the chemical composition of a substance • It cannot typically be returned to the original form

39. 7 words that mean chemical change Burn Rot Rust/ Oxidize React Explode Digest

41. Lab Stations • 4 stations around the room