状语从句

1. 状语从句

2. 概念 一个____在复合句中用作状语时,在语法上叫状语从句。从句由_____或________引导。 分类： 状语从句可表示1) ________ 2) _________ 3) _________ 4) _________ 5) _________ 6) _________ 7) _________ 8) _________ 9) _________等 句子 名词词组 连词 地点 时间 目的 原因 结果 条件 行为方式 比较 让步

3. 一. 引导时间状语从句 1. when, while , as, before, after, until, till, since, ever since, once, as soon as ， 2. every time, next/last/each time, the first time, the moment, the minute, the instant 3. immediately/ instantly/ directly 4. hardly…when, no sooner…than, scarcely…when

4. 注意：时态的替换（现在时态代替将来时态） 主句-----一般将来时， 则从句----一般现在时（将要去做） I will inform you as soon as he ______ (go) back home goes

5. when, while, as • _______________ we were talking, Mr. Smiths came in. • _____ they came home, I was cooking dinner. • I was about to go to bed _______ I heard someone knock at the door. • 4. ________ we were watching TV, he was studying. • 5. He is fat _______ his brother is thin. • 6. ______ she sang, tears ran down her face. • 7. It was foolish of you to take a taxi ________ you could easily walk there in five minutes. • 8. _________ I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you. • 9. Hard ____ we may try, we can fail sometimes. While/ When When when While while As when While as

6. When 1. “当…的时候” 从句用延续性，短暂性动词皆可 2. “那时，这时，此时” 3. “既然” 引导原因状语从句 While 1. “当…的时候” 主从句动作同时发生，从句用延续性动词 2. “而，却” 表示对比 3. “尽管” 引导让步状语从句 As “一边… 一边…”, “随着” 动作同时发生 从句动词延续性 “尽管，即使”，引导让步状语从句，要半倒

7. before, since 1. He had left the town the day ______ she arrived. 2. It was not long ________ he left his hometown. 3. It will not be long ________ we meet each other again. 4. We had sailed four days and four nights _____________ we saw land. 5. We hadn’t run a mile _________________ he felt tired. 6. ____________________ I could get in a word, he had measured me. 7. Please write it down ________________ you forget it. 8. I__________ (be) at his bedside since he _______ (become) ill. 9. It ___________ (be) two years since we _______ (begin) to use this machine. 10. I haven’t heard from him since he lived here. before before before before …才… before 还未…就… Before 还没来得及 before 趁… have been became began is/ has been

8. till 与until: 1. He lived with his parents ________ he graduated from college. 2. Not ____ he told me did I know the truth. 3. The children ___________ (will come) home until/ till it’s dark. 4. It was _________ the war was over that he returned to his land. till/ until until won’t come not until Conclusion: 1.位于句首时.只能用until, 不用till. 2. not…until可改写为: It is/ was not until… that强调句. 3. not until放在句首，主句谓语要部分倒装。

9. 一…就… The moment/ minute/ As soon as • ________________________________he saw the monster, he turned pale. • The spy had ____________ returned home than he was told to go to another country. • We had _______________ returned home when it rained. • _________________ had we begun when we told to stop. • ill. no sooner hardly/scarcely Hardly/ Scarcely Conclusion: • hardly…when, no sooner…than, scarcely…when引导，从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时。 • 否定词hardly, scarely和no sooner位于句首时，从句要部分倒装。

10. 名词: the moment/ minute/ instant 注意：the first time/ for the first time 副词： Immediately/ directly/ instantly By the time +(从句)， 主句 注意时态。 will have fallen By the time you go back home, I ______ (fall) asleep By the time you go back home, I _______ (sleep). will be sleeping

11. 二. 地点状语从句: where, anywhere, everywhere. You would let your children play where you can see them. Where there is a will, there is a way.

12. 区别 where 引导状从与定从 We will go where we want to during this trip. They went to all the places where they wanted to go during the trip. 状从 定从

13. Jiyan Middle School is located ____________________ people speak Taiwanese. Jiyan Middle School is located in a town, _______________ people speak Taiwanese. Jiyan Middle School is located in a town _______________ is a beautiful place. Jiyan Middle School is located in a town, ______________ name is nationwide famous. Jiyan Middle School is located in a town ______________ people like to visit. where where/ in which which/that whose which/that

14. 三. 原因状语从句: because, as, since, for Conclusion: • because语气最强，强调原因，既可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。回答“why ”的提问。 • since表示“既然”，语气较弱；表示对方已知的无需加以说明的原因或事实；强调结果，通常放在句首。 • as语气最弱，说明比较明显的原因，强调结果，通常放在句首。 • for表示通过逻辑推断得出的原因，用来附带解释前一句的原因或理由，通常放在句中。

15. 用because, as, since 与for填空: • --Why are you crying, meg? • --- __________ I’ve broken your necklace, mom. • 2. I went to bed early _________ I was tired. • 3. I was not kind to him _________ he was rude. • 4. ________ I had a cold, I was absent from school. • 5. My mother was ill and I sent for Tom, _______ he was a doctor. • 6. _______ we are all here, let’s begin our class. Because because because As for Since

16. 四. 条件状语从句: if, unless, once, as/ so long as（只要）, so far as(据我所知…), in case Conclusion: • 条件状语从句中一般用“主将从现”. • 虚拟语气在If引导的条件状语从句的使用：

17. If I_______ (be) a bird, I would fly to you. • If you ________ (leave) home a little earlier this morning, you _________________ (catch) the bus. • _______ bad weather stops me, I jog every day. • _______ I arrive at Beijing, I’ll call you. • I’ll go ___________________ you go. • _______ anything important happens, please call me up. were had left would have caught Unless Once as / so long as If

18. 五、让步状语从句 though, although, even if/ though, no matter…, whatever, however…, whether…or…, as though/although • He went out, __________________ it was raining. • _________ they are poor, they buy a great many books. • Child ____ he is, he has learnt advanced mathematics. • _________ he is a child, he has learnt advanced maths. • No matter ________ happens, don’t be discouraged. • No matter ______ you go, you must write to your parents. • No matter ______ hard he tried, he couldn’t open the door. • No matter ______ you marry in the future, he must be an honest man. Although as Even if what where how who

19. Conclusion: • Although多用于句首. • as引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管、虽然”。但从句要倒装。句型为： • adj./adv./单数n.(不加冠词)+as+主语+谓语… • Young as she is, she can help her mother. • Fast as he runs, he is the last one.

20. 六、目的与结果状语从句 so that, in order that so（that）, so…that…, such… that…. in order that/ so that • He got up early _____________________ he could catch the bus. • ____________ he could catch the bus, he got up early. • I was caught in a shower, _______ all my clothes got wet. • It’s ____ cold _____ the lake has frozen. • There are ______ many books there _____ I don’t know which one to borrow. • It’s ____ good a book _____ I’ve read it again and again. • It was _____ a cold day _____ there was nobody on the street. • ______ cold weather remained for three days _____ I had to stay at home all day long. In order that so that so that so that that so such that Such that

21. Conclusion: • 由so that; in order that 引导的目的状语从句中通常用may, could, can等情态动词. • In order that从句可放于句首,而so that 引导的从句只能放在主句之后. • so…that引导结果状语从句时, so常用于修饰形容词或副词, 或用于修饰many, much, little, few.语序为:so+adj./adv. • so+adj.+a/ an+n. • 4. such可修饰任何名词,当其修饰单数可数名词时, 语序为:such+a/ an +(adj.) +n.

22. 七、比较状语从句: as, than, as…as, not so/as…as, the+比较级… the+比较级 as as • His brother is ____ handsome ____ he (is). • The movie was not ______ good ____ I had expected. • Your bag is twice as expensive as _______ (me). • The driver drives faster _____ he used to (drive). • _________ knowledge we learn, ____________ (happy) we will be. as so/ as mine than the happier The more Conclusion: 1.请保持人称代词的格前后一致.如:1, 3. 2. 倍数词须加在比较结构的前面.如:3. 3. 句中相同的成分,如动词,常常省去.如:1, 4.

23. 八、方式状语从句: as (像, 如), as if/ though(仿佛, 似乎), just as (就像), • He stood up _____ (he wanted ) to leave. • She always talks to me as if she _____ (be) my sister. • He walked slowly as if he ___________ (hurt) his leg. as if were had hurt Conclusion: • as if从句里的主语与动词如和主句一致有时可省略. • as if 从句叙述的情况如果与事实相符合,从句不用虚拟语气,从句时态与主句保持一致. • as if 从句叙述的情况如与事实不相符合,则从句用虚拟语气. • 与一般现在事实不符合：谓语动词 were/did • 与过去事实不符合：谓语动词 had done

24. 改错: will • She was walking on the street while the accident happened. ________ • 2.I will call you as soon as I will finish my homework. _________ • 3. After the queen knows it is I that help you run away, she will kill me. __________ • 4. I have finished the composition when the bell rang. _________ ____ when ____ Once have- had Conclusion: 1. 连词的错用. 2. 时间与条件状语从句中的将来时用一般现在时。 3.连词的错用 4. 主句从句时态本该一致而不一致.

25. 1.______ you decide to take up, you should try to make it a success. A. If B. Whenever C. Unless D. Whatever

26. 2.It is foolish to take a taxi you can easily walk to the station. A. before B. that C. unless D. when

27. 3.I’ll accept any job, _____ I don’t have to get up early. A. even though B. though C. in case D. as long as

28. 4.___________ problems you have, you can always come to me for help. A. What B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Which

29. 5. ______ much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do. A. How B. Whatever C. However D. No matter

30. 6.----Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? ---- Yes. I gave it to her ______ I saw her. A. while B. the moment C.suddenly D. once

31. 7. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _______ great it is. A. what B. how C. however D. whatever

32. 8.I hurried _____ I wouldn’t be late for class. A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless

33. 9. John plays football _____ , if not better than, David. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as

34. 10. --What was the party like? --Wonderful. It’s years ____ I enjoyed myself so much. A. after B. when C. before D. since

35. 11.Don’t change your mind, ______ happens to you. A. which B. what C. whichever D. whatever

36. 12. ___________ he comes, we won’t be able to go. A. Without B. Unless C. Except D. Even

37. 13. Nobody believed him ____________ what he said. A. even though B. even if C. no matter D. because

38. 14. I was watching TV _______ suddenly the lights went out. A. when B. while C. as D. for

39. 15. Take your umbrella with you ____________ it rains. A. if B. as if C. in case D. as long as

40. 16.No sooner _______ entered the office _______I heard the telephone ringing. A. had I, when B. I had, than C. had I, than D. I had, when

41. 17. I had hardly arrived _____ he started crying to go home. A. as B. for C. when D. until

42. 18.It won’t be long ________ you regret what you said. A. since B. when C. before D. till

43. 19. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______. A. will arrive B. arrives C. is going to arrive D. is arriving

44. 20. ______ the day went on, the weather got worse. A. With B. Since C. While D. As