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Language Structures

Language Structures. Dialogue I. Dialogue II. Reading I. Reading II. Guided Writing. Interaction Activities. Listening Practice. LSP. LS. 1. 2. 3. LSP. LS. See the following sentences and find out the grammar rules they use:. Do you know if there’s lecture this afternoon?

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Language Structures

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  1. Language Structures Dialogue I Dialogue II Reading I Reading II Guided Writing Interaction Activities Listening Practice

  2. LSP LS 1 2 3

  3. LSP LS See the following sentences and find out the grammar rules they use: • Do you know if there’s lecture this afternoon? • Can you tell me when Mr. Smith arrived? • Have you heard that Paul failed in his last exam? Follow up activity

  4. LSP 1. WH-疑问从句作宾语 i. 构成形式：WH-疑问从句中常使用的词有：who, which, where, how, whether, if等。 ii. 表达意义：WH-疑问从句作宾语使用陈述句语序。例如： Could you tell me where the post office is? Let’s see how we can raise our efficiency. We must find out who did all this. He asked me who should be rewarded. I don’t know whether/if these figures are accurate. Please advice me which book I should read first.

  5. LSP 2. THAT-从句作宾语 i. 构成形式：在THAT-从句作宾语句型中常使用的动词有：boast, say, think, insist, wish, hope, suppose, see, believe, agree, intend等。 ii. 表达意义：用一个表达完整意义的陈述句作宾语。例如： The letter says that they are leaving on the 14th. We don’t intend that things should be arranged like that.

  6. LSP LS Follow up activity Title: An Interview Topic: Interviewing a popular singer • Could you tell me where you were born? • I’d like to know how you become interested in singing. • I wonder if you have ever thought of singing songs in a foreign country. • Do you think that you will continue singing all through your life? • Many of your fans want to know if you will try to play a role in a movie. • I hope that we can speak to you again before long.

  7. LSP 1 LSP Iasking for and giving information about a future event. Practice following conversations: 1. A: Do you know if there’s a lecture this afternoon? B: It’s at two. A: B: No, I don’t think he does. 2. A: Everybody knows that there’s a lecture this afternoon, don’t they? B: A: What time does it start, do you know? B:

  8. LSP Language points for LSP I: 1) to give a talk 2) what for = why 3) autumn/ spring sports meeting 4) enter for the high jump/ the long jump/ the relay race, etc. long jump/broad jump 跳远, triple jump三级跳远, sprint 短跑, walking race 竞走， hurdles 跨栏， 400-meter relay race四百米接力赛，marathon马拉松赛跑，100-meter dash 一百米赛跑，1500-meter race一千五百米赛跑

  9. LSP Language points for LSP I: 5) to give a lecture on phonetics 6) I don’t think he does. – 我想他不知道。当think用来表达否定思想时，否定词not不用在从句中，而是用在think之前。类似的词有：believe, suppose, imagine， etc. , e.g: I don’t believe /suppose John knows the news. 7) I had no idea. = I knew nothing of it.

  10. LSP LSP IIasking for and giving information about a past event, expressing one’s inability to answer a question and recommending somebody else to give the information. 2 Practice following conversations: 1. A: Can you tell me when Mr. Smith arrived at the airport? B: A: You know when Mr. Smith arrived, don’t you, Liu? C: 2.A: B: No, I don’t know, sorry. Ask Liu. I think he knows A: C: Yes, at noon.

  11. LSP Language points for LSP II: 1) to arrive at = to reach 2) over= finished 3) to give a lecture on space travel 4) the other day (指过去的某一天，往往与过去时连用) 5) popular science book (科普书)

  12. LSP LSP IIIasking for and giving confirmation of the truth of an event and expressing agreement. 3 Practice following conversations: 1. A: Have you heard that Paul failed (in) his last exam? B: No, Did he really? A: Yes, he is. And people say it was his own fault. B: 2.A: B: Yes. Didn’t you know? And he’s very unhappy about it. A: B: No, it’s shame / a pity, isn’t it?

  13. LSP Language points for LSP III: 1) to fail in the last exam 2) to take something seriously 3) clumsy = unskillful 4) to wither (to cause a plant to become reduced in size, color, strength, etc. ) 5) to stay away from home 6) to come last in the spelling contest 7) care about 8) Did he really? 这句话不是询问信息的，而是表达惊奇之情。

  14. D I Dialogue I A Trip to Huangshan Consider and answering following questions: • Why do people visit Huangshan? Have you ever been there? • How much do you know about Huangshan? What is Huangshan famous for? • Do you want to go there someday in the future?

  15. D I Huangshan

  16. D I 黄山雄距于风景秀丽的皖南山区，古称黟山，唐天宝六年（公元747年）依轩辕黄帝曾在黄山炼丹羽化升天的传说，唐明皇敕改黟山为黄山。现划入黄山风景区的154平方公里，是号称“五百里黄山”的精华部分。 黄山是以自然景观为特色的山岳旅游风景区，奇松、怪石、云海、温泉素称黄山“四绝” 。黄山有名可数的72峰。天都峰、莲花峰、光明顶是黄山的三大主峰，海拔高度皆在一千八百米以上，并以三大主峰为中心向四周铺展，跌落为深壑幽谷，隆起成峰峦峭壁，呈现出典型的峰林地貌。    黄山不仅是峰之海，还是云之海，  游过黄山的人都认为，黄山最好的景色必须登上高峰才能观赏到，有云雾时最佳。黄山是大自然的骄子，独领天下奇山的风骚。故而当之无愧地赢得“登黄山天下无山，观止矣”（徐霞客语）的崇高赞誉。

  17. D I Dialogue I A Trip to Huangshan Listening to the recording and answer the questions on specific details of this dialogue • Where did A go during the summer? What for? • What is the best time for college students to visit Huangshan? • Why do some people take the train while others take the bus to Huangshan? • How long does a one-way bus ride to Huangshan? • What is Huangshan famous for?

  18. D I Dialogue I A Trip to Huangshan Browse through the text and find out sentences using following conversational strategies • Initiating a topic and asking for general impression • Getting and giving more information • Closing a conversation

  19. D I Initiating a topic and asking for general impression A:You visited Huangshan during your summer vacation, I heard. How was the trip? B: Oh, it was great! Practice with the following cues: Joan visited the Yellow Crane Tower and came back. Jenny just came back from the Zoo in Changlong. A classmate of yours visited the Zhongshan Park last Sunday.

  20. D I Getting and giving more information 1) A: What do you think is the best time to go to Huangshan? B: Well, it’s very crowded in summer… 2) A: How long does the whole trip take, including the time on the road? B: It all depends, really. If you go there by train… 3) A: Do you think I should go by myself, or take a package tour with a travel agency?" B: I can't say which is better…

  21. D I Closing a conversation A: Thank you very much for all the information. You know, I’m beginning to think about the trip seriously. Practice with the following cues: thinking more about the trip planning on the trip soon checking with my parents before I make the final decision.

  22. D I Dialogue I A Trip to Huangshan Read the dialogue loudly in pairs and find out useful expressions of the text.

  23. D I Dialogue I A Trip to Huangshan Language points 1. one of these days ---- in the future, before long 2. a busy tourist season 3. resort n. a place where a lot of people go for holidays e.g. a health resort 休养胜地 A month of holidays in the summer resort will certainly bring you around.

  24. D I Dialogue I A Trip to Huangshan Language points 4. School is in session. = School is going on. 5. trade-off---- n. an exchange of one thing for another, especially to produce a desirable result (公平交易，交换) 6. coach---- n. 长途旅游汽车 one-way bus ride---- 单程车 7. john ---- n. American slang for “toilet”. A British equivalent is a “loo”.

  25. D I Dialogue I A Trip to Huangshan Language points 8. relax and stretch oneself---- stretch v. 伸展，伸长（身体或四肢） e.g.He stretched his legs in front of him. I stretched out my hand towards the book. He stretched and flexed his knees to relax himself. 他伸屈膝关节使自己放松一下。 9. afford ---- v. to have enough money / time to do sth.负担 e.g. I can almost afford a new car. I can't afford three weeks away from work.

  26. D I Dialogue I A Trip to Huangshan Language points 10. incidentally----adv. used to add more information to what you have just said, or to introduce a new subject that you have just thought of. e.g. I must go now. Incidentally, if you want that book I'll bring it next time. 11. be famous for---- be known for 12. unique---- adj. being the only one of its kind e.g. That building is unique because all the others like it were destroyed.

  27. D I Dialogue I A Trip to Huangshan Language points 13. make up one’s mind---- decide 14. take a package tour---- a completely planned tour or trip at a fixed price arranged by a travel agency, which includes travel, hotel, meals, etc. travel agency----a company that arranges hotel rooms, plane tickets etc for people who want to travel 15. think about the trip very seriously

  28. D I Dialogue I A Trip to Huangshan Retell the content of the dialogue Retell what B suggested for a trip to Huangshan

  29. D I Dialogue I A Trip to Huangshan Role Play: When and How to Go to ____ Li and Wang are both new students. Li was born and brought up in City A. He has never been out of the city. Wang comes from City B. Li hears that City B is a beautiful place, so he / she is looking forward to visiting it. He / She asks Wang about it.

  30. D II Dialogue II Finding the Way Expressions of introductions: • 1. How to ask someone the way: • Excuse me, can you tell me how to go to the school library, please. I’m a freshman. • Excuse me, I’m looking for the post office. Could you tell me where it is? I’m a stranger here. • 2. How to give directions: • Take the first turning on the right. And it’s right on your left next to the dining hall. • Walk down the street, and then turn right at the second junction. The post office is on the right opposite to the bank.

  31. D II Dialogue II Finding the Way Practice: A new student is just arriving at the campus of Zhongshan Institute. He / she wants to go to the Longteng dinning hall. You are a second-year student. Please show him/her the way. Draw a map of Zhongshan Institute. Look at your partner’s map he/she has drawn, and take turns to ask each other where you can get to the playground/ Building 1/ the auditorium/ the library, etc.

  32. R I Reading I Leaving Home Listen to the recording, consider and answer following questions • Have you ever lived away from home for so long before? • How did your parents feel about your leaving home to go to college? • Will you live with your parents again after you finish college life? • How do you think your parents will feel when you permanently leave your parents to live by yourself?

  33. R I Reading I Leaving Home Go over the text in 5 minutes and answer the questions on specific details of this text • What’s the name of the narrator? • Where would he go? Why? • What time did he choose to tell his father his decision? Why did he do so? • How did his parents feel on hearing the news? • What might be the reasons for their reaction? • Were his parents in good health? Do you think the narrator would leave home after all? • How would your parents react if you decide to go abroad?

  34. R I Reading I Leaving Home Language points 1. after all---- 1). Ultimately, finally e.g. It has turned out to be a nice day after all. So you see I was right after all! 2). used to say that something should be remembered or considered, because it helps to explain what you have just said e.g. I know he hasn't finished, but, after all, he is very busy. I know he hasn't finished the work, but after all, he's done his best.

  35. R I Reading I Leaving Home Language points 2. in a trembling voice 3. in particular----especially 4. possessive ---- adj. (possess v.) 1). wanting someone to have feelings of love or friendship for you and no one else e.g. She was terribly possessive of our eldest son. 2). unwilling to let other people use something you own possessive of/about e.g. He's so possessive about his new car. a possessive parent (占有欲强的父母)

  36. R I Reading I Leaving Home Language points 5. (of a clock/ watch) to tick away 6. put pressure on someone 7. to stand up to---- to face it with courage 8. It’s wrong of someone to do something.

  37. R I Reading I Leaving Home Language points 9. to stand in one’s way/ to be in one’s way/ in the way 10. He shook his head, looking more and more like someone who had just given a few months to live by his doctor. (他摇着头，越看越像一个刚刚被医生治疗过，还能活几个月的病人。) 句中“looking…”是现在分词作状语，起伴随作用。“looking”这个动作与“shook”这个动作同时发生。

  38. R I Reading I Leaving Home Language points 11. I even began to wonder if it is wrong of me to want to leave my family, the village and the people I had known all my life to live among the English in their cold, strange capital. (我甚至开始想，要离开我的家庭，我的村庄和我一生都非常熟悉的人们，到一个又冷酷，又陌生的首都与英格兰人生活在一起，我是否错了。)这里的“English”是指英格兰人；“capital”是指“London”；“… I wonder if”句型意思是不明白，但想要弄明白，语气比“I want to know”委婉。

  39. R I Reading I Leaving Home Language points 12. 虚拟语气： She looked at me as if I had slapped her face. ---- As if indicates an unreal condition. Actually Clive didn’t slap his mother’s face. It’s time I saw a little more of the world. ---- 在“It’s time…”“It’s high time…”句型中，从句的时态用过去的某种时态。 Perhaps my parents wouldn’t have reacted this way if they hadn’t spent all their lives…; … my mother … wouldn’t have been so possessive, if her only other child hadn’t died as a baby.

  40. 非真实条件句 的虚拟语气(if 条件句):假设不可能或不大可能发生或实现

  41. 非真实条件句 的虚拟语气(if 条件句) • 与现在事实相反 If I were you, I would ask our teacher for advice. If the room were larger, we would hold the party there. • 与过去事实相反 If I hadn’t taken the wrong bus, I wouldn’t have missed the film. • 与将来事实可能相反 If I had enough money next month, I would buy a new English dictionary. If I should be given more time, I would revise my essay and have it typed. If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday.

  42. R I Reading I Leaving Home Language points • Exercise: • If there were no water, people couldn’t live. • If you had a quality control inspection, you would improve your finished product. • If he had been here, he would have helped you. • If it hadn’t been the party policy, the farmers might not have got so well-to-do. • If there should be an accident, it would be a tragedy. • (表示将来不太可能发生的假设，或者虽有可能发生，但说话人主观上不希望发生的假设。相当于汉语的“万一，居然，竟然”又如：We would wipe them out if they should attack us.)

  43. R I Reading I Leaving Home Language points 混合虚拟语气: 有时候，条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作，发生的时间是不一致的（如一个是过去发生的，一个是现在发生的）。这时，动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整。 e.g. If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be well now (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反) If I had a bike, I would have lent you yesterday. (主句与过去事实相反，从句与现在事实相反) If he hadn’t criticized me, I wouldn’t be so successful now. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)

  44. R I Reading I Leaving Home Language points • 1. He treated me as though/as if _____ his own son. • A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were • 2. _____ today, he would get there by Friday. • A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving • C. Were he to leave D. If he leave • 3. What should we do if it _____ tomorrow? • should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow • 4. If it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, I would ask you to do this right now. • A. were B. had been C. are D. should be

  45. R I Reading I Leaving Home Language points 5. Were it not for the snowy weather, we __________all right. A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be  6. ________more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been  7. If he _________ call me tomorrow, I would let him know. A. should B. should not have been able to C. were not able to D. are not able to 8. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ____________our chairman now. A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be   

  46. R I Reading I Leaving Home Language points DCBC ABAD

  47. 无主句的条件句(语气） If only I had been more careful! If only he were here!

  48. R II Reading II A Trip to Chicago Read the four letters, try to make out the main idea, and answer the following questions • 1.Where was Dolores going to study? • 2. Were her uncle and aunt going to Chicago, too? • 3. What did they ask Dolores to do? • 4. Did Dolores accept their invitation? • 5. Were her uncle and aunt able to meet her at the airport? Where did they tell Dolores to go when she arrived in Chicago? • 6. When Dolores arrived in Chicago, what did she do? • 7. What did Dolores tell her parents in her letter?

  49. R II Reading II A Trip to Chicago The format of a letter 英文书信通常由下列五个部分组成： A 信头（Heading） 信头包括写信人地址和写信日期，通常写在信笺的右上角。在比较熟识的朋友之间的通信，写信人的地址常可略去。日期通常有下列两种定法： （a）月、日、年：如August 15, 200__ （b）日、月、年：如15th august, 200__ 地址的写法通常是由小到大，如：门牌号、街道名、市（县）名、省名、国名（邮政编码通常写在城市名之后）。这同中文书信的地址写法完全相反。地址可以写1～3行，日期写在地址的下方。

  50. R II Reading II A Trip to Chicago The format of a letter B 称呼（Salutation） 称呼指写信人对收信人的称呼，如Dear Xiaojun，写在信头的下方和信笺的左边。称呼一般用Dear…或My dear…开头，称呼后一般用逗号。 C 正文（Body） 这是书信的主体部分，即写信人要表达的内容。正文要求文字通顺，层次分明，表意清楚。可以手书，也可以打写。

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