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Opportunity Now

Opportunity Now. The Dynamic Need for Multiracial Education and Ministry. Christopher Edley , Jr., Dean of the University of California Berkeley School of Law “Race isn’t rocket science. Race is harder than rocket science.”.

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Opportunity Now

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  1. Opportunity Now The Dynamic Need for Multiracial Education and Ministry

  2. Christopher Edley, Jr., Dean of the University of California Berkeley School of Law • “Race isn’t rocket science. Race is harder than rocket science.”

  3. THE NUMBER OF DOCUMENTED U.S. IMMIGRANTS, IN MILLONS, BY DECADE (1820-2010) 12M 10M 8M 6M 4M 2M 0 10.50 9.08 8.80 7.26 5.25 3.32 2.60 1.71 .53 1820s 1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s

  4. U.S. IMMIGRATION POLICY BEFORE AND AFTER THE REFORM ACT OF 1965 • 1492 to1965: 85% percent from Europe. • The “Hart-Celler Act” in 1965: opened the door for the first time to large numbers of non-Europeans. • 1966-2011: 85% non-European.

  5. Foreign Born Populations • US: 40 million • Russia: 12 million • Germany: 10 million • 21% of world’s total immigrants are in the U.S.

  6. THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSFORMATIONS OF HARRIS COUNTY (1960-2010)

  7. THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSFORMATIONS OF HARRIS COUNTY (1960-2010)

  8. THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSFORMATIONS OF HARRIS COUNTY (1960-2010)

  9. THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSFORMATIONS OF HARRIS COUNTY (1960-2010)

  10. THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSFORMATIONS OF HARRIS COUNTY (1960-2010)

  11. THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSFORMATIONS OF HARRIS COUNTY (1960-2010)

  12. The Demographic Revolution Will Continue Hi Dad!

  13. ETHNICITY BY AGE IN HARRIS COUNTY (2007-2011 COMBINED)

  14. ETHNICITY BY AGE IN HARRIS COUNTY (2007-2011 COMBINED)

  15. ETHNICITY BY AGE IN HARRIS COUNTY (2007-2011 COMBINED)

  16. 1999 Asian Indian Puerto Rican Jamaican Am. Black Am. Black White White White Guat. Vietnamese Am. Black Black: 32% Hisp: 18% Asian: 27% White: 23% White Chinese Am. Black Asian Indian Korean Am. Black Am. Black Nigerian Nicaraguan Chinese Mexican

  17. = move 2004 Asian Indian Vietnamese Puerto Rican Vietnamese Mexican Jamaican Am. Black Am. Black White White White Guat. Vietnamese Am. Black Black: 45% Hisp: 23% Asian: 32% White: 00% Am. Black White Chinese Am. Black Am. Black Korean Am. Black Am. Black Nigerian Nicaraguan Chinese Mexican

  18. Race in the U.S. • Classification of human groups as exclusive and discrete, based on n selected physical characteristics (e.g., skin color, hair type) • Groups created or evolved distinct from one another • Inheritable • Outer physical characteristics tell us of inner realities • Ranking, hierarchy

  19. American Indian Asian White Black Hispanic

  20. Racialized Society • Race matters profoundly for • differences in life EXPERIENCES, life • OPPORTUNITIES, and social • RELATIONSHIPS. Rewards allocated • UNEQUALLY by racial group.

  21. RACE IN THE U.S. More of Society’s Rewards WHITES ASIANS Foreign American HISPANICS BLACKS NATIVE AMERICANS Less of Society’s Rewards

  22. Differential Returns on Education

  23. Forbes Richest 400 Americans, 2010 387 are white 9 are Asian 3 are Hispanic 1 is African American 0 are Native American Bill Warren Larry Christy Charles David Jim Alice Robson Michael Sergey Larry Sheldon George Gates Buffet Ellison Walton Koch Koch Walton WaltonWalton Bloomberg Brin Page Adelson Soros Michael Steve Paul Jeff Ann John Donald Abigail Phil Carl Ron Rich John Jacqueline Dell Balmer Allen Bezos Chambers Paulson Bren Johnson Knight Icahn Perelman Kinder Mars Mars George James Len Steve Edward Philip Mark James Jack Rupert Jim Blair Samuel Steve Kaiser Simons Blavatnik Cohen Johnson Anschutz Zuckerberg Goodnight Taylor Murdoch Kennedy Okeden Newhouse Jobs

  24. US is racialized in at least the following areas (1) health (2) death (3) employment (4) marriage (5) occupation (6) life expectancy (7) crime (8) persnl & social identity (9) advertising (10) names (11) education (12) neighborhoods (13) auto loan rates (14) SES & spatial mobility (15) consumerism (16) respect (17) expectations (18) music (19) religion (20) cost of products (21) mortgage rates (22) history (23) TV watching (24) wealth (25) property values (26) politics (27) entrepreneur (28) access to hi-qual affdble products (29) self-esteem (30) mark-up prices (31) env polltion, haz waste (32) social networks (33) lunch tables (34) child poverty (35) standardized exams (36) language (37) crim. justice (38) generational mobility (39) respect

  25. Wealth Differences 2002 • Black Median Net Worth 6,000 • Hispanic Median Net Worth 8,000 • White Median Net Worth 90,000 • White/Hispanic Ratio 11.25 (10.0 1988) • White/Black Ratio 15.00 (11.8 1988) Source: http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=race_wealth_and_intergenerational_poverty

  26. Wealth Differences Over Time • Followed same 2000 black and white families • from 1984 to 2007, examining • changes in the racial wealth • gap. • Found a 4 fold-increase in • the gap over this time.

  27. Source: Thomas Shapiro et al. May 2010. The Racial Wealth Gap Increases Fourfold. Institute on Assets and Social Policy, Research and Policy Brief. Brandeis University.

  28. As of 2012 Whites have: 50% more wealth than Asians 18 times more wealth than Hispanics 20 times more wealth than African Americans Based on U.S Census Bureau Figures

  29. A Real World Example: Milwaukee, 1971-1993 For Whites and Blacks, if in 1971 home worth $40,000 $250,000 In 1993, that same house for Whites worth: In 1993, that same house for Blacks worth: $32,000 Source: Sunwoog Kim. 2003. “Long-Term Appreciation of Owner-Occupied Single Family House Prices in Milwaukee Neighborhoods” Urban Geography 24(3): 212-231.

  30. Emerson’s Neighborhood 80% African American 16% Latino 4% Other Source: 2010 U.S. Census

  31. Built/Purchased in 2006 $273,000 • Sales Agreement Sept 2012 $225,000 • Appraised/Sold Dec. 2012 $160,000 Net Gain: $-113,000

  32. Circle of Friends: Percent Reporting Most or All the Same Race All Differences significant at .05 level, one-tailed, using both ANOVA and chi-square tests. Exception: Blacks not in congregations and Blacks in Interracial congregations.

  33. Racial Composition of Social Ties, by Interracial Congregation Context

  34. A. Social Ties Benefits B. Organizational Home for Multiracial families and people C. Group Formation and Solidarity D. Altered Racial Attitudes E. Reduced Inequalities—economic, social, spiritual

  35. Hopwood v. University of Texas • “The use of race, in and of itself, to choose students simply achieves a student body that looks different. • Such a criterion is no more rational on its own terms than would be choices based upon the physical size or blood type of applicants” Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals denied that diversity impacts educational experience:

  36. Types of Diversity • Tested uses two longitudinal databases: • University of Michigan • Cooperative Institutional Research Program (national) • Structural Diversity • Informal Interactional • Classroom Diversity

  37. Findings • Classroom diversity, diversity programming, opportunities for interaction, and learning across diverse groups of students in the college environment now constitute important initiatives to enhance the education of all students. • The three types of diversity associated with increased: • Intellectual Engagement • Academic Skills • Citizenship Engagement • Racial/Cultural Engagement

  38. Why? Subcultural Theory • Between-group contact leads to mutual influence, and • hence innovation • Subcultural fusions lead to • innovations • Thus creative force built into • diverse organizations

  39. What I hope for my son . . . • I see a day when seminarians will be trained in understanding race and ethnic relations, educated in cultural understandings, learn Biblical interpretation from great scholars around the world (rather than principally western thinkers), be trained in multiple styles of preaching, and weave throughout their courses methods of generating a united body through diversity. And I see the day this will be done with a diverse faculty, staff, and student body.

  40. EM 850 (3 Credit Hours) Race, Culture, and Ministry Houston Graduate School of Theology Dates: July 9-11, 2012 Course Description: An exploration into the topics of race, ethnicity, culture, and faith. The course will look at how these have become intertwined, the ways in which faith can be compromised, sociological realities, and biblical and theological models for restoring right relationships and structures. Course Outcomes: Upon completion of this course, students will: Understand the linkages between race, ethnicity, culture, and religion. Analyze biblical perspectives on the above issues. Gain a theological and sociological grasp of multiracial/ethnic/cultural congregations. Have a basic understanding of how to put into practice the course topics in the local church context. Participate in group discussion regarding these often complex issues.

  41. Required Texts: Anderson, David A. Gracism: The Art of Inclusion. IVP, 2007. Boesak, Allan Aubrey, and Curtiss Paul DeYoung. Radical Reconciliation: Beyond Political Pietism and Christian Quietism. Orbis Books, 2012. Branson, Mark Lau, and Juan F. Martínez. Churches, Cultures, and Leadership: A Practical Theology of Congregations and Ethnicities. IVP Academic, 2011. DeYoung, Emerson, Kim, and Yancey. United by Faith: The Multiracial Congregations as a Response to the Problem of Race. Oxford University Press, 2003. Emerson, Michael O., and Christian Smith. Divided by Faith: Evangelical Religion and the Problem of Race in America. Oxford University Press, 2000. Rah, Soong-Chan. The Next Evangelicalism: Freeing Your Church from Western Cultural Captivity. IVP Books, 2009.

  42. Topic Coverage During Our Time Together: Monday: Race, Culture, and Religious Complexities Divided by Faith/Next Evangelicalism Tuesday: Multiracial Congregations and God’s Work United by Faith/Radical Reconciliation Wednesday: Intercultural Relations, Perspectives, Methods Gracism/Churches, Cultures, Leadership

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