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Copy the following outline onto NB p. 81, spacing it out evenly.
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Copy the following outline onto NB p. 81, spacing it out evenly. 1. Why did Spain give Moses Austin permission to start a colony in Tejas? a. b. c.2. What did American settlers have to agree to do in order to settle in Tejas? a. b. c. d. e.3. Why did tension increase between Americans and Tejanos? a. b. c. d. e. f. 5. How did the Alamo affect the war for Texas independence? a. b. c.6. Why did Congress vote not to annex Texas? a. b.
Lesson 13.2 The Texas Revolution Today’s Essential Question: How did Americans establish the independent Republic of Texas?
Vocabulary • colony – a settlement set up by people from a faraway place • petition – a request for change, usually written and then signed by many people • annex – to attach or join a smaller area with a larger one
Check for Understanding • What is Today’s Essential Question? • Why do we call the thirteen original states ‘colonies’? • How is a prayer like a petition? • Why is a new addition to a building sometimes referred to as ‘the annex’?
What We Already Know • Thomas Jefferson’s purchase of the Louisiana Territory brought almost half a billion acres of new land into the United States.
What We Already Know The land south of the Louisiana Pur-chase belonged to Mexico.
What We Already Know • American tradesmen had been using the Santa Fe Trail to visit Mexican towns since the 1820s.
Other Americans would eventually settle in a province in northeast Mexico.
The Spanish land called Tejas bordered the U.S. territory called Louisiana.
Although Tejas was a Spanish colony, it had few Spanish settlers. • The land was rich and desirable, with forests in the east, rich soil for growing corn and cotton, and great grassy plains for grazing animals. • It also had rivers leading to natural ports on the Gulf of Mexico, making shipping and trade easy. • But in 1821, only about 4,000 Tejanos lived in Texas.
Although Tejas was a Spanish colony, it had few Spanish settlers. • Tejanos are people of Spanish heritage who consider Texas their home. • The Spanish govern-ment wanted more people to live in Tejas.
The Spanish government offered huge pieces of land to attract settlers. • The Indians who lived in Tejas fought against Spanish settlement. • The Spanish wanted more people to settle there to help defend against the Native Americans in Tejas who fought against Spanish settlement.
The Spanish government offered huge pieces of land to attract settlers. They also needed help stopping the Americans who illegally entered Texas.
Moses Austin, an American from Missouri, asked for permission to start a colony in Texas. • Spain agreed, on the condition that the settlers on the land would follow Spanish laws. • When Moses Austin died, his son Stephen Austin took over.
Why did Spain give Moses Austin permission to start a colony in Texas? • In Tejas, there were few Spanish settlers. • Austin offered the Spanish a great deal of money. • They needed more people to defend against the Indians. • They thought Austin’s settlers would help stop illegal American immigrants. Which of these is NOT true?
4. Why did Americans want to move to Texas? • The land was rich and desirable. • It had forests in the east, rich soil for growing corn and cotton, and great grassy plains for grazing animals. • It already had a population of slaves ready to work in the fields. • It also had rivers leading to natural ports on the Gulf of Mexico, making shipping and trade easy. Choose the one that is NOT true!
In 1821, Mexico gained independence from Spain. The new government of Mexico insisted that Austin’s settlers learn Spanish, become Mexican citizens, and join the Roman Catholic church.
In 1821, Mexico gained independence from Spain. When Mexico later banned slavery in 1829, Austin’s colonists had to give up any slaves they owned.
Despite the new expectations, the success of the colony attracted more settlers and speculators to Texas. By 1830, Americans outnumbered Tejanos six to one.
What did American settlers have to agree to do in order to settle in Austin’s colony? • learn Spanish • become Mexican citizens • join the Roman Catholic church • give up slavery Write down ALL that are true!
Conflicts arose between the Americans and Tejanos for several reasons. • Americans did not like following Mexican laws and found it difficult dealing with documents that were in Spanish. • Few had joined the Catholic church. • The Americans wanted slavery so they could grow cotton. • The government began requiring Texans to pay taxes for the first time.
The Tejanos found the Americans difficult to live with. • They thought the Americans believed they were superior. • The Americans seemed unwilling to adopt Mexican culture.
The Mexican government decided to close Texas to further settlement by Americans. • To enforce its laws, the Mexican government sent more Mexican troops to Texas.
5. Why did tension increase between Americans and Tejanos? • Americans did not like following Mexican laws, which were written in Spanish. • The Americans were offended by Mexico’s legalization of slavery. • Americans did not want to join the Catholic church. • The government had begun requiring Texans to pay taxes for the first time. Choose the one that is NOT true!
In 1833, Stephen Austin took a petition to Mexico City on behalf of both Americans and Tejanos. The Mexican president, General Antonio López de Santa Anna, jailed Austin for a year.
When they found out about Austin, the Texans wanted to rebel. Santa Anna responded by sending more troops to Texas.
In 1836, the Texans decided to declare Texas an independent republic.
Sam Houston took command of the small Texas army. Mexican president Santa Anna led troops against Houston’s army stationed at a fort in southeast Texas.
Another company of Texas volunteers, headed by William Travis, stood at the Alamo, an old mission in San Antonio.
Travis’s force defended the Alamo against Santa Anna’s army for 12 days. The Mexicans captured the fort and killed all but five Texans, whom they later executed.
Although a defeat, the battle helped to bring victory for the forces of Texas independence. • First, the battle delayed Santa Anna and bought time for Houston’s army to grow stronger. • It forced Santa Anna to use up resources that he could have used against Houston’s army. • The bravery of the Alamo defenders inspired more Texans to fight on against Mexico.
6. Where did the Mexican army win a famous victory against the rebels in Texas? • Near the San Jacinto River • Santa Fe • The Alamo • Corpus Christi
How did the Alamo affect the war for Texas independence? • It delayed Santa Anna and gave Houston’s forces time to grow. • It weakened the Mexican forces. • The Texans defeated Santa Anna’s forces. • It inspired other Texans to fight on. Choose the one that is NOT true!
Houston led the Texans to victory. Sam Houston’s Texans won a battle near the San Jacinto River in April 1836.
Houston’s men captured Santa Anna and forced him to sign a treaty giving Texas its independence.
In September 1836, Texas became an independent nation. Texans elected Sam Houston aspresident.
Right away, the Texas government asked Congress to annex Texas into the Union.
Many Americans objected to the admission of Texas as a new state. • Northerners did not want another slave state. • Other people feared that annexing Texas would lead to war with Mexico.
For these reasons, Congress voted against annexation, and Texas remained an independent republic for almost ten years.
7. Why did Congress refuse to annex Texas? • Northerners were opposed to adding another slave state to the Union. • They believed Texas was too far away to ever be a real part of the United States. • There was a fear that annexing Texas would lead to war with Mexico. • The costs of governing Texas would have been too great a tax burden. • They felt that too many Texans were Catholics. Choose all that are true!
