Istanbul School Safety Conference July 10, 2013

1. Istanbul School Safety Conference July 10, 2013 Responding to Emergencies in Schools Global Security Group, Inc. David Katz & Mark Novak

2. Global Security Group, Inc. 421 Seventh Avenue ● Fourth Floor ● New York, NY ● 10001-2002 Tel. 212-285-2400 Fax. 212-285-2450 Email: info@globalsecuritygroup.com Website: www.globalsecuritygroup.com Page 2

3. Presented by: David S. Katz, Chief Executive Officer Mark J. Novak, President, Chief Operating Officer Global Security Group, Inc. Page 3

4. David S. Katz David S. Katz is the founder and CEO of Global Security Group, Inc. A former senior Special Agent with the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), he is an expert in conducting complex international conspiracy investigations, high-risk arrests, small unit tactics, defensive tactics, undercover operations, physical and technical surveillance, physical security systems, intelligence analysis and tactical planning. He is a federally certified firearms and tactical instructor who spent four years as a Primary Firearms Instructor at the FBI/DEA Academy in Quantico, Virginia. During that posting, he taught firearms and tactics to several thousand federal agents, state and local law enforcement officers, SWAT team members, military personnel and foreign military and law enforcement counterparts. A recognized authority in law enforcement arrest tactics, he has provided training to police units and tactical teams around the world including, among many, the Israeli General Security Service, the New York City Police Department Emergency Services Unit and the Marine detail assigned to HMX-1, the President's official helicopter. Former Special Agent Katz was also the DEA liaison to the Israeli Secret Service, developing a cooperative relationship with their field agents and training staff. In August of 2000, he provided advanced tactical firearms training to Israeli General Security Agency (Shin Bet) instructors in Israel and provided firearms and tactical training to the Diplomatic Security Service (DSS) Agents and U.S. Marines guarding the U.S. Embassy in Tel Aviv and the U.S. Consulate in Jerusalem. Mr. Katz was also invited to observe and participate in training given to Shin Bet security officers, El Al Airline security agents, and operators from elite Israeli counter-terror units. David has prepared the risk/threat/vulnerability assessments and created the Emergency Response Protocols for more than 100 commercial properties, including many of the most prestigious buildings in New York City. His investigative expertise has also found great demand in the private sector and he has conducted and supervised many high profile investigations for numerous commercial clients and well-known law firms. He has lectured throughout the world and has provided security and safety training to senior executives and the executive protection personnel of some of the world's leading corporations. He is the author of Executive's Guide to Personal Security (Wiley & Sons, Inc.), the author of “Personal Safety While Traveling Abroad on Business” (Loss Prevention Magazine September-October 2003) and approximately 50 articles on emergency planning, personal safety, investigative practice, protective equipment, terrorism and other related topics. Katz is a frequent guest on nationally broadcast television and radio programs including Fox News, CNN, CNBC and others. Mr. Katz holds a degree of Law from Hofstra University Law School. Page 4

5. Mark J. Novak Mark J. Novak is the President & Chief Operating Officer of Global Security Group, Inc. Mark served for over twenty years in the New York City Police Department, twelve of those years as a supervisor. His last post, prior to his retirement in 2006, was as a Captain in command of a Detective Division in one of New York’s business police precincts. During his tenure as a police supervisor, Mark responded to hundreds of large scale incidents and emergencies throughout New York City. Between the years 1997 to 2001, mark was a member of the NYPD's COBRA team which was trained and equipped to respond to a chemical, biological or radiological attack or release within New York City. Throughout Mark's career, he received extensive training from agencies such as the NYPD, the FBI, the Department of Homeland Security and the City's Office of Emergency Management. Topics included physical security, critical incident preparedness, counter terrorism, the national incident management system, hazardous materials, chemical nuclear and biological weapons, disorder control and emergency management among others. As a Captain, he served numerous times in the capacity as incident commander at the scene of numerous emergencies including many biological or chemical threat incidents. While in the Detective Bureau, he oversaw numerous high profile and sensitive investigations that were subject to intense media scrutiny. Mark was also assigned to the security details for the last three United Nations General Assemblies prior to his retirement, the World Trade Organization Meeting in 2002 and the Republican National Convention. Mark has prepared emergency response plans for over one hundred high-rise buildings in NYC, including all of the World Financial Center, One and Two Penn Plaza, four of the United Nations Plaza buildings and the Bloomberg corporate headquarters. He has also provided physical security and consulting services to Fortune 500 firms, high-profile celebrities and executives and foreign dignitaries and is a frequent guest on nationally broadcast television and radio programs including Fox News, CNN, CNBC and others Page 5

6. Global Security Group, Inc. • Founded in 2001 by former US Federal Agents & senior officers from the New York City Police Department. • Services include: • Protection • Investigations • Fire & Life Safety • Consulting • Specialized Tactical Training Page 6

7. Global Security Group, Inc. • All our instructors are professional subject matter experts with decades of real tactical experience in addition to their teaching credentials. • Our instructors have taught at some of the world’s most highly regarded agencies including: • FBI/DEA Academy in Quantico, Virginia • New York City Police Academy • New York City Fire Department Fire Service Academy Page 7

8. Global Security Group, Inc. & Bahçeşehir University • Partnered with Bahçeşehir University to provide training in Turkey and in the surrounding regions. • Training will be conducted by the same personnel that have trained literally thousands of US Federal Agents, state & local police officers, SWAT teams, specialized military units and their international counterparts. • Same curriculum adjusted to comply with Turkish law and social / cultural values. Page 8

9. School Safety in Turkey Applying the lessons learned by US Law Enforcement & Emergency Management

10. The issue of keeping children safe in school is one that transcends borders. Virtually every country in the world has endured the tragedy of witnessing harm that has befallen school children from a number of causes. Applying American Emergency Response Practices to School Security in Turkey Page 10

11. School emergencies include intentional acts of violence as well as accidents and natural disasters. While nothing can guarantee that children will be completely safe in their classrooms it is possible to mitigate the risks by preparing and drilling Emergency Action Plans (EAP). Applying American Emergency Response Practices to School Security in Turkey Page 11

12. Security Response Pyramid: Lesson Learned Effective Emergency Response MUST be Local • Provides logistical support as needed Regional & National Support • Emergencies are local incidents and must be handled at the lowest jurisdictional level. • Regional or National control is never effective. Local First Resonders • School emergency staff must take immediate action and should be considered as first responders. In-School Response Page 12

13. A centralized response to a local incident is ineffective and counter-productive. The government should create an all-hazard Emergency Action Plan format for all educational institutions which stresses local response. OVERVIEW Page 13

14. Plans should be age appropriate (a plan for a university is not apprpriate for an elementary school). Plans will focus on initial actions to be taken by school personnel and the transition to response by authorities. OVERVIEW Page 14

15. Plans will be designed to handle the incident until response by emergency units. In effect, the school acts as an extension of police/first responders. Local First Responders will have a copy of the plan of every school in their area of responsibility. Plans will include detailed floor drawings. OVERVIEW Page 15

16. First responders will make themselves familiar with every school in their area of responsibility. Staff will be initially trained & will attend mandatory annual refresher training as well. Plans will be drilled a minimum of four (4) times a year. OVERVIEW Page 16

17. In the late sixties and early seventies, New York City experienced a number of fatalities in high-rise office building fires. The most important lesson learned was that emergency response MUST begin in the building prior to the arrival of emergency personnel. These incidents led to the implementation of New York City’s Local Law 5. (Fire Safety Law) Applying American Emergency Response Practices to School Security in Turkey Page 17

18. Local Law 5 (1973): Required buildings to have public address systems and fire/smoke alarms that recalled elevators and opened fire doors. Mandated inspections by the Fire Department of the City of New York Mandated daily, weekly, monthly & annual safety inspections by building staff. Applying American Emergency Response Practices to School Security in Turkey: Local Law 5 Page 18

19. Local Law 5 (1973): Required all affected buildings to have well-trained: Fire Safety Director Deputy Fire Safety Directors Fire Brigade Floor Wardens & Deputy Floor Wardens Searchers Mandated Initial Training of staff and all occupants & annual refreshers Mandated annual drills for all building occupants Applying American Emergency Response Practices to School Security in Turkey: Local Law 5 Page 19

20. A key element of Local Law 5 is the coordination of the actions of the building staff & the Fire Department. Applying American Emergency Response Practices to School Security in Turkey: Local Law 5 Page 20

21. Since the implementation of Local Law 5 there has not been a single occupant of a high-rise building killed in a fire in NYC.* * The terrorist attacks of 9/11/2001 were not considered as primarily a high-rise fire and are not counted. Applying American Emergency Response Practices to School Security in Turkey: Local Law 5 Page 21

22. September 11, 2001 Attack on the World Trade Center Effect on NYC Emergency Response • Local Law 5 was not designed for non-fire emergencies. • NYC began developing ideas for an all hazard corollary to Local Law 5. • Local Law 26 adopted in 2004. Page 22

23. Requires all high-rise buildings to create and submit to the New York City Fire Department (FDNY) an Emergency Action Plan (EAP). Applying American Emergency Response Practices to School Security in Turkey: Local Law 26 Page 23

24. The EAP must detail procedures for the following emergency situations (or threat thereof): Explosions in or proximate to the building Biological incident or release Chemical Incident or release Nuclear or radiological incident or release Natural disaster Other emergencies (undefined by statue) Applying American Emergency Response Practices to School Security in Turkey: Local Law 26 Page 24

25. In our practice we plan for the following emergency situations (or threat thereof): Applying American Emergency Response Practices to School Security in Turkey: Local Law 26 • Active Shooter • Biological Attack • Blackout • Bomb (Car/Truck) • Bomb (Human) • Bomb Threat • Chemical Attack • Civil Disturbance • Disgruntled Person • Elevator Entrapment • Explosion (Bomb) • Explosion (Mechanical) • Fire/Smoke • Flood • HAZMAT Spill • Hostage Situation • Mechanical Failure • Medical Emergency • Natural Disaster • Radiological Incident • Severe Weather • Suspicious Mail • Suspicious Package • Turnstile Breach Page 25

26. As of 2012 the Fire Safety & Emergency Action Plans were combined into a single document. Detailed electronic drawings of each building must be part of the plan. Applying American Emergency Response Practices to School Security in Turkey: Local Law 5 & 26 Page 26

27. Possible EAP Responses to an emergency: Applying American Emergency Response Practices to School Security in Turkey: Local Law 5 & 26 • Evacuation • Full • Partial • Shelter-in-Place • In-Building relocation

28. During EVERY emergency the EAPD must assess the need to take action with respect to: • Access to & egress from the building • Including exits, entrances & stairwells • Elevator Operation • Ventilation System Operation • Air handling equipment, heating, ventilation and air conditioning equipment and smoke purge systems • Windows that may be opened.

29. During EVERY emergency the EAPD must assess the need to take action with respect to: • Interior doors • Including fire doors • Utility operations • Electrical, natural gas, steam, etc. • Fuel oil storage • Including associated pumps and piping

30. Applying American Emergency Response Practices to School Security in Turkey: Local Law 5 & 26 • The Fire Department has a copy of each building’s plan. Turkish authorities should have the same access. • That provides instant access to a detailed floor plan showing the interior spaces, emergency exits and routes of travel and all in-building relocation areas. • When first responders arrive they have the information they need before they even get there.

31. Applying American Emergency Response Practices to School Security in Turkey: Local Law 5 & 26 • All plans must detail procedures for assisting individuals with special needs who might not be able to participate in the EAP. • Special needs include: • Mobility • Visual • Auditory • Psychological • Temporary • Youth & old age are considered as special needs individuals as well.

32. Preparing an Emergency Response Plan (EAP) Whether mandated by statute or not every school must: Assess Risks • Identify all potential incidents & emergencies that might affect the school & its occupants. • See list of Incidents Create Team • Identify appropriate personnel for School Emergency Action Team. Create Plan • Team members, outside consultants and first responders should all be involved in the plan preparation. • Detailed responses for each identified incident clearly explained in a format that can be easily implemented during an emergency. Train & Drill • Staff members need sustantial initial training and annual refreshers. • Initial & Quarterly Drills Page 32

33. Sample Plan: Checklist Format Initial Actions Page 33

34. Sample Plan: Incident Specific Response: Active Shooter in Building Page 34

35. Sample BIC This is an example of a required 11x17 laminated reference required by every high-rise build.ing in NYC. Can easily be adapted for school buildings Page 35

36. Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Emergency Response Process EAP Implementation Timeline Incident Occurs Appropriate response determined, plan is activated & directions communicated to occupants. After action review & return to normal. The Emergency Action Team is activated. Situation is managed until the arrival of First Responders. School team then supports the efforts of police, fire, etc. Page 36

37. Elements of a Successful EAP Response In-School School administration will typically include the School Safety Director and determine when to implement the plan. Responsible for communicating with building occupants & coordinating with first responders. Each teacher will know the appropriate response for each type of incident. Students miust be drilled until they know what they must do independently. Administration Teachers/Students Maintenance Security Guards During a critical incident, building systems may require shutdown or other action. Building systems include HVAC, elevators, gas, oil, electric, steam etc. Responsible for access control (prevention) and crowd control in the event the plan is implemented. With advanced & specialized training, guards can respond to an active shooter or other emergency. Page 37

38. Sample Table of Contents 1 Introduction &nOverview 2 Types of Emergencies 3 Emergency Action Plan – Active Shooter 4 Emergency Action Plan – Fire / Smoke 5 Emergency Action Plan – Weapons of Mass Destruction 6 Emergency Action Plan – Suspicious Packages 7 Emergency Action Plan – Bomb Threats & Bombings 8 Emergency Action Plan – Natural Disasters Page 38

39. The Most Important Element of the Plan A recent review of school safety plans in the United States show that most plans are poorly organized and impossible to implement in an emergency. The responses must be clearly established and easy to follow under extreme stress. Page 39

40. Prevention: Access Control Layers of Security Physical Security Human Assessment Technical Security • Heavy doors with robust locking mechanism. • Windows that will not allow entry. • Able to resist determined attempts at forced entry for at least twice the average length of time it will take for law enforcement officers to respond. • Visitor screening • All visitors will be interviewed prior to entering the building by a trained guard or staff member. • Verbal/Non-Verbal threat indicators. • Intercom system and camera on entrance to allow interview to be conducted with visitors on the outside of the building. • Internal and external camera system throughout building. • Building-wide public address system with access from multiple locations. Page 40

41. Active Shooter Case Studies US School Shootings • Columbine School Shooting • Student Perpetrators • April 20, 1999 • 12 students, 1 teacher killed • 24 wounded • Actually was a failed bombing • After Columbine, local officers began receiving active shooter training. • Virginia Tech • Student Perpetrator • April 16, 2007 • 32 killed, 17 wounded • Still remains th deadliest attack perpetrated by a single shooter. • Newtown Massacre • Non-Student Perpetrator • December 14, 2012 • 20 students, 6 teachers killed Page 41

42. School Shooting Incidents Lessons Learned • In virtually every cases of school shootings there were warning signs present before the incident. • Columbine: Online postings, threats of violence • Virginia Tech: Psychiatric evaluations, teacher observations, stalking • Newtown: Psychiatric Issues • No pre-emptive action taken in any of these incidents. Page 42

43. School Shooting Incidents Proactive Measures to Address Unstable Students • Aggressive response to indications of violent or abberant behavior • Legal measures to prevent such individuals from gaining access to firearms and dangerous substances. • Robust camera system (Detect surveillance/planting explosives) Page 43

44. School Shooting Incidents Three Pronged Approach • Prevention • Mitigation through planning & training • Response Page 44

45. Prevention Miminimum Pre-emptive Measures • Identification of any potentially violent students. • Teacher / counselor evaluations, medical assessments, student reports. • Social Media Page 45

46. Worst School Massacre in US History Bath, Michigan May 18, 1927- Not a single shot fired Page 46

47. Active Shooter Response Dangerous invdidual attempts to or gains entry into the building: Initiate Lockdown Procedure • Assemble School Emergency Team • Make building-wide announcement. • Call 155 and alert authroities Verify Lockdown • To the greatest extent possible without unneccesary risk make sure all students are in their classrooms with doors locked and out of view. Coordinate Response • Maintain contact with law enforcement response teams. If possible, monitor intruder(s) location with video system. Monitor Situation • These situations may change suddenly and require evacuation or other actions. If possible, wait until arrival of the authorities before evacuating the school. Page 47

48. There have been a number of incidents worldwide inolving attacks on school buses. Children gather outside prior to boarding their buses. Drivers poorly trained and buses have no security to prevent unauthorized boarding during stops. Recommendations: Bus GPS and communication system Trained driver and guard (retired law enforcement officers can be utilized) Aawreness Training Transportation Security: School Bus Safety Page 48

49. Active Shooter Response: Lockdown What is a Lockdown & why is this protocol the best option? Defintion • The securing of all occupants in pre-designated safe areas in order to deny the perpetrator access to victims. • Indicated over evacuation because it limits contact with occupants and limits the freedom of movement of a shooter or shooters. Page 49

50. Lockdown Considerations Communication • The ability to alert all students and staff is the most critical element. • Often the public address system is only accesible in the main office which is generally located proximate to the primary entrance. • Perpetrators forcing entry through the front entrance will also have immediate access to the office and may prevent announcement. • Alternate point of PA access and pre-recorded announcement. Page 50