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History of Life on Earth

History of Life on Earth. Ch. 26. Abiogenesis. Part 1: Haedon Eon. Spacetime. 13.7bya: Universe 4.6bya : Earth. Today. ~10 million species inhabit Earth today. When, where, & how did life form?. Early Earth. 4.6bya: Geologic/Atmospheric Conditions No Water No Oxygen No Fun.

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History of Life on Earth

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  1. History of Life on Earth Ch. 26

  2. Abiogenesis Part 1: Haedon Eon

  3. Spacetime • 13.7bya: Universe • 4.6bya: Earth

  4. Today • ~10 million species inhabit Earth today

  5. When, where, & how did life form?

  6. Early Earth • 4.6bya: Geologic/Atmospheric Conditions • No Water • No Oxygen • No Fun

  7. First Life on Earth • 3.9 – 3.5bya: Simple life formed • Prokaryote • Genetic Material • Cell • Metabolism • Replication • But How?

  8. Primordial Soup Hypothesis • Miller-Urey Experiment • Simulate early Earth • Amino acids formed http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iahBQolXQH8

  9. Primordial Soup Hypothesis • John Sutherland Experiment • Simulate early Earth • Nucleic acids formed http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/evolution/origins-life.html

  10. Other Necessary Components • Liposomes: • Lipids form a bilayer in water (cell) • Protobionts: • Enzymes break down glucose (energy) • Divide in response to osmosis (reproduction)

  11. Martin Hanczyc • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dySwrhMQdX4

  12. However Life Formed… • RNA became awesome at: • Surviving • Reproducing (self replicating) • Mutating

  13. Simple to complex Part 2: Archean eon through Cambrian Period

  14. Prokaryotes • ~3.5bya: Stromatolites (Cyanobacteria) • Produced Oxygen

  15. Prokaryotes

  16. Eukaryotes • ~2.1bya: Complex cells with organelles • But How?

  17. Endosymbiosis Theory • Prokaryotic mitochondria & plastids were engulfed • DNA (small, circular chromosome) • Double membrane http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter4/animation_-_endosymbiosis.html

  18. Multicellular Life • ~1.5bya: Protists

  19. Colonial Flagellate Hypothesis

  20. Animal Diversification • ~530mya: Cambrian Explosion

  21. Cambrian Explosion • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3uK1BGkd2Qg

  22. Life vs. Universe Part 3: Ordovician Period through Quaternary Period

  23. Life-Extinction-Life-Extinction…

  24. Major Event: Cambrian Explosion

  25. Mass Extinction 1 • ~450 mya: Ordovician Extinction • 90% of all species died • Major glacial event

  26. Major Event: Colonizing Land • ~475-400mya: Land Plants, Fungi, & Insects • ~375mya: Tiktaalik • 1st terrestrial tetrapod • Amphibians & Reptiles

  27. Mass Extinction 3 • ~250mya: The Great Dying • 96% of all species died • Asteroids & Volcanoes

  28. Major Event: Age of “Terrible” Lizards • ~200mya: Mammals & Dinosaurs • ~150mya: Birds

  29. Mass Extinction 5 • ~65mya: K/T Extinction • 75% of all species died • Giant asteroid slammed into Mexico

  30. Major Event: Mammal Diversification

  31. Happily Ever After

  32. Mass Extinction 6 • TODAY!!! • Up to 140,000 species go extinct each year • Habitat Destruction, Hunting, Pollution…

  33. Critically Endangered Species

  34. Mass Extinction 7 • Earth will be hit by another asteroid in the future! 99942 Apophis 2036?

  35. Back to Life on Earth • The diversity of life today is a result of evolution through natural selection over the course of 3.5by.

  36. Is life on Earth Unique? • What does that mean?

  37. First Life w/ David Attenborough • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_NPj55hcXQ

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