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Immigration and Urbanization. Essential Question:. What were the problems caused by rapid urbanization and how did the other half live?. Copy All White Text on Page. Copy.
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Essential Question: • What were the problems caused by rapid urbanization and how did the other half live? Copy All White Text on Page Copy
The New Colossus By Emma LazarusNot like the brazen giant of Greek fame,With conquering limbs astride from land to land;Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall standA mighty woman with a torch, whose flameIs the imprisoned lightning, and her nameMother of Exiles. From her beacon-handGlows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes commandThe air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame."Keep ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries sheWith silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor,Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"
Chart: Rise of Immigrants OLD VS NEW IMMIGRATION 1,593,000 181,1880 2,753,00 926,000 1,110,000 1,847,000 1,069,000 5,780,000 540,000 2,928,000
Immigrants from Europe Old New New New
Copy OLD VS NEW Protestant Catholic and Jewish North/Western Southern/Eastern Europe Europe Both escaping poverty,religiousand political persecution Moved to farms Moved to cities in the in the Midwest North esp. east coast Became farmers Unskilled workers RELIGION BIRTHPLACE REASONS DESTINATION OCCUPATION Old vs New Immigrants
Nativism • Anti-Immigrant • Anti-Catholic & Jew
Ellis Island was built in 1892 as the 1st “Immigration Center” Angel Island built 1910 in San Francisco for Asian immigration
POPULATION GROWTH 1870 • 40 million population • 75% lived in rural areas 1900 • 76 million population • 60% lived in rural areas
Cities CITIES • In 1860 no American city could boast a million inhabitants. • 1890, New York, Chicago and Philadelphia had spurted past the million mark.
URBAN OPPORTUNITIES Immigrants Settle in Cities • Industrialization leads to urbanization, or growth of cities • Most immigrants settle in cities; get cheap housing, factory jobs • Americanization—assimilate people into main culture • Schools, voluntary groups teach citizenship skills • English, American history, cooking, etiquette • Ethnic communities provide social support
Irish NY: St. Patrick’s Cathedral
Characteristics of UrbanizationDuring Gilded Age • Megalopolis. • Mass Transit. • Magnet for economic & social opportunities. • Pronounced class distinctions. - Inner & outer core • Squalid living conditions for many. • Political machines. • Ethnic neighborhoods. Copy
Copy Louis Sullivan • The Chicago School of Architecture • Built 1st skyscrapers • 1856 – 1924 • Form follows function!
Urban Problems: Copy • There became serious shortages in housing. • New types of housing were created 1)Row house– apartment type homes 2)Tenement – Multifamily urban houses often overcrowded & unsanitary • Sanitation was a problem High Crime Rates
Urban Problems: Sanitation Copy • Cities had hard time supplying safe drinking water. • People threw garbage out their windows. • Horse manure piled up on the streets • Sewage flowed in streets. • By 1900, many cities built sewers & created sanitation departments.
Fire Problems: Copy • The city had limited supply of water. • Most city apartments were made of wood • People also used candles and kerosene lamps for lighting. • Paid fire departments were first created in 1853 (Cincinnati) • The automatic fire sprinkler was also created in 1874.
Copy The Great Chicago Fire: 1871 • Fire burned for 24hrs. • An estimated 300 people died • 100,000 were left homeless • More than 3 square miles of the city center was destroyed. • Property loss was estimated at $200 million. • 17,500 buildings were destroyed.
URBANIZATION • Chicago became the main railroad junction in the U.S. • Immigrants move to Chicago because of the job opportunities • Meatpacking • Steel mills • Cattle industry • Multi-cultural community
