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Child Public Health & Preventive Child Health Care

Child Public Health & Preventive Child Health Care. Edward L. Schor, MD John C. MacQueen Lecture March 6, 2006. THE COMMONWEALTH FUND. Human Development. Age. Human Potential. Risk Factors. Protective Factors.

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Child Public Health & Preventive Child Health Care

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  1. Child Public Health & Preventive Child Health Care Edward L. Schor, MD John C. MacQueen Lecture March 6, 2006 THE COMMONWEALTH FUND

  2. Human Development Age Human Potential Risk Factors Protective Factors

  3. “Policies that seek to remedy deficits incurred in early years are much more costly than early investments wisely made, and do not restore lost capacities even when large costs are incurred. The later in life we attempt to repair early deficits, the costlier the remediation becomes.”James J. Heckman, PhDNobel Laureate in Economics, 2000

  4. Universal Preschool in California Benefit to Cost Ratio Benefit-cost ratio $1.95:$1 $4.21:$1 Karoly et al, Rand Review 2005

  5. Home Visiting/Parent Education Benefit Cost Ratio Family TypeRatio Higher risk $5.70 : $1 Lower risk $1.26 : $1

  6. “Families are the most central and enduring influence in children’s lives.” CHILD FAMILY COMMUNITY

  7. Mother’s Education Affects School Readiness Skills of 3-5 Year Old Children Trends in the Well-Being of America’s Children and Youth, US DHHS, 2003

  8. Parents’ Misconceptions of Young Children • 62% believe babies do not take in or react to the world around them until 2 months • 55% say a baby must be at least 3 months to sense their parent’s mood • Almost 40% believe a 12-month-old’s behavior can be based on revenge • 51% expect a 15-month-old to share

  9. Parent-Child Relationships Affect Later Life Health Stewart-Brown, European J PH, 2005

  10. Public Opinions About Childrearing Strongly Agree or Agree The job of parent is more difficult today than it used to be Parents today often feel uncertain about what is the right thing to do 87% 87%

  11. Parents With Concerns About Their Children Ages 4-35 Months National Survey of Early Childhood Health, 2000

  12. Parents Want More information On: McLearn et al, Arch Pediatr Adol Med 1998, vol. 152.

  13. Well Child Care Affects Mother-Infant Relationships Scale Scores Casey & Whitt, 1980

  14. Reach Out & Read • Serves 2.1 million children annually in health care settings • Changes parents attitudes about reading aloud • Improves children’s receptive and expressive language • Reduces language delays

  15. Healthy Steps Parents Discipline More Appropriately

  16. Reason for Visit to Pediatrician

  17. Average Length of Preventive Care Total Time in Office (Minutes) Min. Average waiting time = 19.5 minutes AAP, PS#43, 2000

  18. Parents with Concerns about Their Children’s Development Found Medical Professionals Helpful DB Bailey et al, 2004, Pediatrics 113:887-896

  19. Missed Opportunities • 44-79% of parents report not discussing important child development topics with their pediatricians • About 57% of parents report receiving a developmental assessment of any kind • Parents concerns are often not elicited or addressed.

  20. Well Child Care Referral & Care Coordination Anticipatory Guidance and Parent Education Developmental and Behavioral Assessment Developmental Services Medical History Physical Exam Sensory Screening Procedures Measurements Immunizations

  21. Minutes of Anticipatory Guidance During Well Child Visits Goldstein, Dworkin & Bernstein, 1999

  22. Pediatricians Always Counseling for Children 2-5 Years Galuska, et al. Pediatrics, 2002;109(5)e83

  23. Actions Following Hearing Screening at Well Child Visits Halloran et al. Arch Ped Adol Med, 2005

  24. Pediatrician Recognition of Developmental and Behavioral Problems Percent of Children Lavigne et al. Pediatrics 1993;91(3):649-55 Costello et al. Pediatrics. 1988;82:415-424

  25. Services for Children <31 Months with or at Risk for Developmental Disabilities (N=3338) 1st Concern Diagnosis EI Referral IFSP X 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Child’s Age (months) Bailey et al, Pediatrics 2004;113:887-896

  26. Barriers to Developmental Assessment of Children 0-3 AAP, Periodic Survey of Fellows No.45, 2000

  27. Child Health Care UtilizationMedical Expenditure Panel Study 2000 Annual Visits Ages of Children (Yrs)

  28. Insurance Status and Age Affect Receipt of Any Well Child Care MEPS, 2000

  29. Percent Compliance with Recommended Immunization and Preventive Care Schedule 0-23 Months 24-60 Months J Brown et al, 1993

  30. Rethinking Well Child Care • Define desired outcomes • Revise schedule and content of care • Establish clinical standards of care • Individual content of care • Adopt office redesign models • Implement quality improvement processes • Improve education about preventive care • Align reimbursement with service

  31. 41,000 Pediatricians 9,600 Pediatric Community Practices (non-HMO) Average of 21 clinicians and support staff Clinician turnover 27% over 4 years Staff turnover 39% over 2 years

  32. Self Motivation

  33. Incentive

  34. Threat!!

  35. Partnership

  36. System Change

  37. National Partnerships: Shared Mission The mission of the Maternal and Child Health Bureau is to provide national leadership, in partnership with key stakeholders, to improve the physical and mental health, safety and well-being of maternal and child health populations…. The mission of the American Academy of Pediatrics is to attain optimal physical, mental, and social health and well-being for all infants, children and adolescents, and young adults.

  38. Missing An Opportunity Local Child Health Care Practices State, County and City MCH Programs

  39. MCH Approach to Services Direct Health Care Services Enabling Services Population-Based Services Infrastructure Building Services

  40. Newborn metabolic screening Family-centered care Medical home Immunization Dental sealants Breast-feeding Newborn hearing screening First trimester prenatal care National Title V Performance Measures Dependent on Private Sector

  41. Partnership for Preventive Care Pediatrics Direct Health Care Services Enabling Services Population-Based Services Infrastructure Building Services Child Public Health

  42. Pediatrics and Public HealthSeparated by a Common Mission Primary care and local child public health: Formal relationship 4% Information relationship 58% No relationship 38% 90% of practices rarely or never made referrals to public health Iowa Department of Public Health

  43. Partnering with Child Health Care Providers on Preventive Care • Form relationships locally with primary health care practices • Agree upon desired child health outcomes that people really care about • Identify complementary or shared roles • Be patient but persistent in building networks

  44. Partnerships to Improve Quality of Preventive Care

  45. Child Public Health & Preventive Child Health Care Edward L. Schor, MD John C. MacQueen Lecture March 6, 2006 THE COMMONWEALTH FUND

  46. Human Development Age Human Potential Risk Factors Protective Factors

  47. “Policies that seek to remedy deficits incurred in early years are much more costly than early investments wisely made, and do not restore lost capacities even when large costs are incurred. The later in life we attempt to repair early deficits, the costlier the remediation becomes.”James J. Heckman, PhDNobel Laureate in Economics, 2000

  48. Universal Preschool in California Benefit to Cost Ratio Benefit-cost ratio $1.95:$1 $4.21:$1 Karoly et al, Rand Review 2005

  49. Home Visiting/Parent Education Benefit Cost Ratio Family TypeRatio Higher risk $5.70 : $1 Lower risk $1.26 : $1

  50. “Families are the most central and enduring influence in children’s lives.” CHILD FAMILY COMMUNITY

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