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Trade unions & unregistered work

Trade unions & unregistered work. Introduction by Henry Leerentveld. Subjects. Interest positions (in unregistered employment) Trade unions Other social partners Basis for joint efforts and partnerships Interventions of Trade unions Need for renewal? Labour market and societal trends

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Trade unions & unregistered work

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  1. Trade unions & unregistered work Introduction by Henry Leerentveld

  2. Subjects • Interest positions (in unregistered employment) • Trade unions • Other social partners • Basis for joint efforts and partnerships • Interventions of Trade unions • Need for renewal? • Labour market and societal trends • Flexibility vs protection

  3. Comparison Interests TU – unregistered employment Happy employees Pleasant jobs Good wages + Acceptable working hours Long holidays High job security No health risks Good insurance Education plan Career Excellent retirement plan Price-driven, low qualified Monotone, low-quality jobs Low paid Irregular, long working week No secondary arrangements No security No health-prevention No social security rights No training nor education No career No pension provisions Unregistered employment Trade Unions

  4. Social partners & unregistered employment Sufficient state income Fair division of contributions Economic growth State control – monitoring Needs based services: Infrastructure Education Social security Happy employees Pleasant jobs Good wages + Acceptable working hours Long holidays High job security No health risks Good insurance Education plan Career Excellent retirement plan Profitability Competitive Price – quality equation Cost control? ✘ Flexibility? ✘ Physical infrastructure Knowledge infrastructure Innovation Fair competition Happy employee Employers State Trade Unions

  5. Conclusion • Even though the various interests between the social partners differ… • All motives are of complementary value • Are not conflicting • And offer a solid basis for a tripartite pact!

  6. Policies of EU Trade Unions • Better enforcement of existing labour laws • Better cooperation and coordination between national labour and social inspectorates • Establishing European ‘Socio-Pol’ • More focus on tackling exploitation • Recognition and enforcement of fundamental human and labour rights of irregular migrants • Instead of repression and deportation.

  7. Policies of EU Trade Unions • Emphasis on prevention but not regulated • Active Labour Market Measures: • Job creation in formal sector… • But no excuse for deregulation • Or for penalties against unemployed and non=EU nationals • ‘inclusion strategy’

  8. Policies of EU Trade Unions • Addressing the ‘culture’ of undeclared work’: awareness • Tax cuts in labour-intense services (though with hesitation) • Regulate & standardise paid domestic work • Penalties for lead-contractors in sub-contracting • Support for enterprises becoming formal

  9. Interventions of Trade Unions • Addressing cadres and members • Informing Works Councils • Collective Bargaining on Enterprise levels ➜ protocols (& more) • Collective Bargaining on Sector levels ➜ policies, protocols (& more) • Social & Economic Councils on National Levels ➜ policies & programmes (& more)

  10. Interventions of Trade Unions • Consultations on EU level ➜ European Employment Strategy • On global level ➜ ILO Conventions – Decent work for domestic workers

  11. Is this enough? • Despite all actions trade unions are against more flexibility on the formal labour market: • Temporary contracts • Entrance of temp agencies • Flexible working hours… • In fact unions advocate for more labour protection…

  12. Need for renewal of policies?Labour market & societal trends… • Increasing self-employment • Rise of ‘mixed careers’ • Life-work balance • ‘Feminising society’? ➜ Child care & division domestic tasks • (Communication) Technology • Enlightened management • ‘New ways of working’…..

  13. My advise to TU… • Consider flexibility in the fight against undeclared work • Make flexibility a competitive factor • And recognise and award societal trends • The sooner Turkey starts with innovative approaches, the more it will gain!

  14. The times are changing Old ways of working New ways of working Values Trust Responsibility Commitment Work and Private life Werk is fun and satisfies Leadership Coaching Transparancy Giving and getting trust Addedvalue Dialogue Professional responsibility • Values • Suspicion • Control • ‘Cover’ oneself • Work or Private life • Work is work • Leadership • Authoritive • BlackBox • Hierarchie • Top Down • Bureaucracy • Professional limitations

  15. The times are changing Old ways of working New ways of working Recruitment & Selection Social media as a source Based on Personal characteristics Continuous search for talent More staff flow More jobs with more employers Flexible employment Tailor-made labor relations Diversity Application is career-oriented • Recruitment & Selection • Letter and chronological resume are source • Based on Experience and Education • Followed by additional training • Rigid staff policies • Job for life • Standard solutions (CBA) • Uniformity • Rules to prevent conflicts • Application is job-focussed

  16. The times are changing Old ways of working New ways of working Learning and development Focused on career Developing talent 8 (good) to 10 (excellent) Directed by employee Personal budgets Social Media for inter-collegial consultation • Learning and development • Aimed at current position • Trainings for ‘shortcomings’ • 4 (poor) to 6 (sufficient) • Directed by supervisor • Physical presence is leading • Mainly supply-oriented 

  17. The times are changing Old ways of working New ways of working Job evaluation & Reward Performance Indicators Open and transparent reviews Ongoing feedback (vv) Performance is rewarded Also a reward for contributing to goals of the company, society, etc. Entrepreneurship • Job evaluation & Reward • Minimal framework for expected performance • By direct supervisor • Behind closed doors • Once a year • Pay based on job • Rewarded for contribution to the goals of their own division

  18. The times are changing Old ways of working New ways of working Work environment Modern multifunctional office Arranged based on activity Several generations  Opportunity to meet and inspire Location-independent Flexible working 24 / 7 Digital environment / Cloud Accessible digital information resources Means to measure Soft-/hardware Buy / Bring your own device Individuality is the standard • Work environment • Classic office • Aging organization • Uniform standard facilities • Location dependent • 9:00 to 5:00 p.m. • Lots of ‘paper’ • Information only at the office  • and linked to power structure • ICT is standardized / centralized purchasing • Equality

  19. Tanımlar…. • Esneklik: • İşgücü piyasasında (hem arz hem talep bakımından) esnek olmayan yapılara yol açan resmi ya da geleneklerden doğan engellerin ortadan kaldırılması. • Güvence: • İşçilere hem istihdam hem de gelir açısından güvennce sağlayan düzenlemeler.

  20. Esnek Güvence Tanımları… • “Esnek işgücü için sosyal koruma” (Klammer ve Tillman, 2001) • “Eş zamanlı ve kasıtlı olarak aşağıdakileri yapmayı hedefleyen bir politika – • İşgücü piyasalarının, iş organizasyonunun ve iş ilişkilerinin esnekleşmesini desteklemek, • ve hem işgücü piyasasının içinde hem de dışında özelikle daha zayıf gruplar için güvencenin – istihdam güvencesi ve sosyal güvenlik - artırılması.” (Wilthagenve Rogowski, 2002)

  21. Esneklikle ilgili farklı çıkarlar Çalışan İşveren Çalışma saatleri Çalışma programı İş yeri Vasıf düzey Deneyim düzeyi Uyum düzeyi Sözleşme koşulları ve biçimi Sözleşme süresi Sözleşmenin sonlandırılması İşgücü maliyetleri – (ücretlerde esneklik) • Çalışma saatleri • Tatiller • Öğrenime devam edebilme • Sabbatical • Analık • Babalık • Ailevi bakım ihtiyaçları (acil durumlar) • Daha yaşlı işçiler • Özürlülük – kapasitenin azalması

  22. Daha çok işverenin çıkarına • Çalışma saatleri: • Günlük • Haftalık • Aylık • Yıllık • Çalışma programı: • Günün hangi saatinde olduğu • Günlük vardiyalar • Haftalık Vardiyalar • İşyeri • Deneme süresi • Sözleşme biçimi: • Açık uçlu sözleşme • Kısmi süreli sözleşme • Süresi belirli sözleşme • Geçici iş sözleşmesi • Sözleşme süresi • Sözleşmenin sonlandırılması • Prosedürler • Bildirme süresi • Vasıf düzeyi • Tecrübe düzeyi • Uyum sağlama düzeyi • İşgücü maliyetleri (ücret esnekliği) • Performansın takdiri • Çıktılardan kaynaklanan • Ciro-kar dan kaynaklanan • Gecici istihdam dairesi

  23. Esnekliğin ekonomik bağlamı • Ekonomik ihtiyaçlar değişkendir • Teknoloji ekonomik gelişmelerin hızlanmasını sağlamıştır – küçülen dünya • Aşağıdakileri yapabilmek için işgücü piyasasının ihtiyaçları (talep tarafı) ekonomik ihtiyaçlar çerçevesinde “en optimal şekilde nefes alabilmelidir” : • Ekonomik performansı optimize etmek • Sürdürülebilir istihdam için koşulları optimize etmek • Gelir artışı için en iyi koşul yüksek istihdam oranıdır

  24. Esnekliğin belirleyicileri: iş koruması • Sözleşme biçimleri için (Düzenleme) • Özel istihdam büroları için düzenleme • Deneme süresi • İşten çıkarılmaya karşı koruma • Genelprosedürler – harici izin / yetki? • Belirli grup ve/veya koşullar için işten çıkarma yasağı • İşverenin ihtar süresi • Çalışanın ihtar süresi • İzin programları • İşverenler tarafından personelin tek taraflı olarak transfer edilmesi • Çalışanların işveren değiştirme özgürlüğünün kısıtlı olması • İşletme devirleri için düzenleme

  25. Farklı çıkar konumlarını düzenlemek • Kanun yoluyla • Yönlendirici ve tanımlayıcı • Çerçeve: asgari gereklilikler ve hükümler/koşullar • Toplu iş sözleşmeleriyle: • Yönlendirici ve tanımlayıcı • Çerçeve: asgari gereklilikler ve hükümler/koşullar • Bireysel anlaşmalarla Esneklik ve güvence pazarlıklar için çok uygun konulardır: müzakereler

  26. Esnekliğin alanı • Yasama: • İş kanunları ve düzenlemeler • İşgücü piyasası politikaları • Yaşam boyu öğrenme ve eğitim imkanları • Sağlık ve güvenlik düzenlemeleri • Toplu pazarlık kanunları ve düzenlemeler • İş/Çalışma konseyleriyle ilgili düzenlemeler • Ekonomik kanunlar (işletme devirleri) • Sosyal güvenlik kanunları ve düzenlemeleri • Vergi politikaları • (Serbest çalışma ilgili düzenlemeler) • Altyapı: • İş imkanlarının sağlıklı bir şekilde kayıt altına alınması • Aktif esnek/geçici istihdam büroları • Yetişkin eğitimi ve öğretimiyle ilgili imkanlar • Uyarlanmış kontrol sistemi • (çocuk bakımı hizmetleri) • Kültür: • İşverenlerin bilinçlendirilmesi • Çalışanların istekli olması

  27. “Altın Üçgen”

  28. Esneklik – Güvence Matrisi

  29. Summarising • Flexibility in labour relations predominantly economic context • However: • There are also many employees’ interests in flexibility • Social security arrangements can function as a stimulus and a safety net • This makes flexicurity excellent for trade-offs / negotiations between TU and employers • Flexibility needs tailor made arrangements – more on sector and company level rather than in labour laws • Labour laws can have an important – different – role as framework law with minimum provisions • Flexibility needs well functioning employment services and modular VET • Simple flexibility arrangements are: • Part-time and temporary work • Access for temporary employment agencies • Moving from job-security to employment security • Social partners should also consider further comparative research concerning ‘hiring and firing’ of personnel

  30. Vergilendirme

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