The Skeletal System

1. The Skeletal System

2. The Appendicular Skeleton • Composed of __________ bones • _______________________________________ • _______________________________________ • _______________________________________

3. The Appendicular Skeleton Figure 5.6a

4. The Appendicular Skeleton Figure 5.6b

5. Bones of the Pelvic Girdle • Formed by two coxal (ossa coxae) bones • Composed of _________ pairs of fused bones • ________________________________________ • ________________________________________ • ________________________________________

6. Bones of the Pelvic Girdle • The total weight of the upper body rests on the pelvis • It protects several organs • ________________________ organs • _______________________________________ • _______________________________________

7. The Pelvis Figure 5.24a

8. The Pelvis: Right Coxal Bone Figure 5.24b

9. Gender Differences of the Pelvis • The female inlet is _______________ and more _______________ • The female pelvis as a whole is shallower, and the bones are lighter and thinner • The female ilia flare more laterally • The female _______________ is shorter and less curved • The female ischial spines are shorter and farther apart; thus the outlet is larger • The female pubic arch is more ________________ because the angle of the pubic arch is greater

10. Gender Differences of the Pelvis Figure 5.24c

11. Bones of the Lower Limbs • The thigh has one bone • Femur • The heaviest, ____________________ bone in the body

12. Bones of the Lower Limbs Figure 5.25a–b

13. Bones of the Lower Limbs • The foot • Tarsals • Two largest tarsals • ____________________ (heelbone) • ____________________ • Metatarsals—sole • Phalanges—toes

14. Bones of the Lower Limb Figure 5.26

15. Arches of the Foot • Bones of the foot are arranged to form three strong arches • __________ longitudinal • __________ transverse • Weak arches are referred to as: • _______________________________________ • _______________________________________

16. Arches of the Foot Figure 5.27