Chapter 13 Tobacco

1. Chapter 13Tobacco “Tobacco is Waccko!”

2. Lesson 1: Facts About Tobacco Vocabulary: (6) Nicotine Addictive Tar Bronchi Carbon Monoxide Smokeless Tobacco Objectives: • Students will: • Recognize the various forms of Tobacco • Identify some of the harmful substances in all forms Tobacco • Describe the negative effects Tobacco use can have on appearance

3. What is Tobacco? • It’s a woody, shrub like plant with large leaves. • 4,000+ chemicals in tobacco • many of them cause cancer • One of these chemicals is: • Nicotine. (An addictive drug found in tobacco leaves and in all tobacco products).

4. What is Tobacco? (cont.) • Dangerous ingredients in tobacco that areaddictive (capable of causing a user to develop intense cravings). • These ingredients include: • Nicotine • Tar (a thick, oily, dark liquid that forms when tobacco is burned) • Carbon Monoxide(a poisonous, colorless, odorless gas) • Thousands of others…. • When smokers inhale, tar deposits form on theBronchi(passages through which air enters and spreads through the lungs)

6. Different Tobacco Products • Cigarettes • Cigars and Pipes • Specialty Cigarettes • Smokeless Tobacco

7. Cigarettes The most commonly used product that contains tobacco. Risks: Emphysema and other lung and heart disease, cancer, infertility, and stroke. Can Cause: Bad breath, stain teeth and fingers, and cause the skin to wrinkle prematurely. 400,000+ smokers die each year from smoking related illnesses

8. Cigars and Pipes Cigars contain larger quantities of the same harmful substances as cigarettes. ONE large cigar can contain as much tobacco as a PACK of cigarettes. Pipe smokers use loose tobacco and usually inhale less than cigarette smokers. Risks: Higher risk of developing cancer of the mouth, larynx, throat, and dying from heart disease.

9. Specialty Cigarettes • Bidis • Flavored, unfiltered cigarettes imported from Southeast Asia. • Kreteks“Clove cigarettes” • Imported from Indonesia and contain a mixture of tobacco, cloves, and other additives. • Can be more harmful than regular cigarettes, because they have no filter and they are not regulated in the U.S.

10. Smokeless Tobacco Smokeless Tobacco(ground tobacco that is chewed or inhaled through the nose) Nicotine absorbed from smokeless tobacco is three to four times greater than the amount delivered by a cigarette. Risks: Cancers of the mouth, esophagus, larynx, stomach, pancreas. Bad breath, tooth decay, and gum disease

11. Ch. 13 Lesson 1 Questions What is nicotine? Identify and describe the risks associated with three harmful substances found in all forms of tobacco. What is the most common form in which tobacco is used? Name three other tobacco products. Julia is at a party where another girl lights a cigarette. When Julia points out that smoking is bad for her health, the other girl shrugs. “I’m a strong person,” she says. “I can quit any time I want.” How might Julia reply? Pete chews smokeless tobacco. He uses it when no one else is around so others do not have to watch him spitting tobacco juice. “It’s a win-win situation,” says Pete. Do you agree with Pete’s point of view? Explain your answer.

12. Lesson 2: Health Risks of Tobacco Use • Vocabulary: (2) • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) • Cardiovascular Disease • Objectives: • Students will: • Describe how tobacco use affects the body systems. • Practice decision making to protect your health against tobacco smoke.

13. Tobacco Use is Hazardous to Your Health • Congress passed a law in 1965 – requiring tobacco manufacturers to print health warnings on cigarette packages. • Now they are required on other tobacco product packaging.

14. How Tobacco Use Affects the Body • Chemicals in tobacco and tobacco smoke can cause damage to most of the body’s systems. • More damaging to teens because they are still growing. • Some effects are immediate others happen over time.

15. How Tobacco Use Affects the Body (cont.) • A dry, hacking cough is a long-term effect of smoking and it indicates that the tobacco has done permanent damage to the smoker’s body. • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD) A condition in which passages in the lungs become swollen and irritated, eventually losing their elasticity. • Condition includes: • Chronic Bronchitis • Asthma • Emphysema • COPD causes 100,000+ deaths/year

16. How Tobacco Use Affects the Body • Increased Risk of developing lung cancer • Smoking is also a leading cause of Cardiovascular Disease (a disease of the heart and blood vessels) • Lead to increased cholesterol levels and contributes to arteriosclerosis – hardening of the arteries. • These conditions reduce oxygen flow to the heart, which dramatically increases the risk of stroke and heart attack.

17. Tobacco’s Effect on the Body

18. Ch.13 Lesson 2 Questions What is cardiovascular disease? How is this caused by smoking? What are some ways that tobacco use damages the circulatory system? What is the relationship between smoking and lung cancer? Of the health risks associated with tobacco use, which one do you consider the most serious? Explain your answer. Why do you think it is important to put warning labels on cigarette packages?

19. Lesson 3: Tobacco Addiction • Vocabulary: (6) • Tolerance • Physical Dependence • Psychological Dependence • Withdrawal • Nicotine Replacement Therapies • Relapse • Objectives: • Students will: • Explain how a person becomes addicted to tobacco. • Identify the different types of dependence that occur as a result of tobacco use. • Describe the symptoms of withdrawal.

20. Tobacco’s Web of Addiction • Nicotine is an extremely powerful and addictive drug. • When nicotine is consumed, it interacts with receptors in the brain.The relayed message: speed up heart and breathing rates. • Once those feelings disappear they leave the user wanting more and tobacco soon becomes a habit. • Once addicted it becomes very difficult to quit. • “The best way to prevent tobacco addiction is to NEVER start using tobacco.”

21. Tolerance and Dependence • Develops a tolerance once the body gets used to nicotine. Tolerance (A process in which the body needs more and more of a drug to get the same effect.) • When the body experiences craving as the nicotine disappears or is absent then that is a sign of physical dependence(A type of addiction in which the body itself feels a direct need for a drug). • The mind is also affected when there is an addiction to a drug which makes people believe that they need it to settle down. This experience is psychological dependence(An addiction in which the mind sends the body a message that it needs more of a drug).

22. Web of Addiction • Cravings maybe the cause of certain triggers which may include certain events, situations, habits. • 90% of adult smokers began smoking before the age of 18. • Teens are more likely to start a habit of using tobacco than people who start at a later age. • Can be a gateway source for other drugs.

23. Breaking the Tobacco Habit • Some of the damage done by smoking cannot be reversed but it is never too late to quit using tobacco!!! Steps: • Prepare to Stop • Get Support and Encouragement • Find Out About Health Services • Change Your Daily Routine • Follow a Healthy Lifestyle

24. Withdrawal • Some people quit cold turkey… • However a person decides to quit they may experience withdrawal(physical and psychological reactions that occur when someone stops using an addictive substance) • Physical symptoms may include: headaches, tiredness, increased hunger, and a jittery, restless feeling. • Nicotine Replacement Therapies NRT (products that assist a person in breaking a tobacco habit) • These products reduce the amount of nicotine in the body slowly, reducing the symptoms of withdrawal. • Psychological symptoms include: irritability, sudden cravings for tobacco, and difficulty concentrating or sleeping.

25. Dealing with Relapse • The body undergoes physical changes when a person no longer uses tobacco. Living without tobacco takes time and a lot of willpower. • Sometimes the symptoms and withdrawals are so bad that a person picks the habit back up. • Relapse (a return to the use of a drug after attempting to stop) • Can be very Discouraging… • Most people attempt to quit several times before the succeed.

26. Ch.13 Lesson 3 Questions Define tolerance. How does a tolerance to nicotine form? Explain the difference between physical dependence and psychological dependence. What are the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal? What specific dangers does trying tobacco pose for teens? How do nicotine replacement therapies help a person stop smoking?

27. Lesson 4: Tobacco’s Cost to Society • Vocabulary: (4) • Secondhand Smoke • Sidestream Smoke • Mainstream Smoke • Passive Smoker • Objectives: • Students will: • Identify ways in which tobacco harms nonsmokers. • Describe the costs tobacco use has on society.

28. Tobacco’s Many Costs • For every dollar spent to spread the word about the dangers of tobacco, tobacco companies spend $23 on marketing. • Each year tobacco companies spend $12.7 billion on advertising alone. • Whether or not they smoke, U.S. taxpayers pay around $38 billion each year in federal taxes to treat the many health problems caused by smoking. Average American household=$320

29. Old Tobacco Ads

30. Cost to the Individual • Studies show that the average smoker smokes a pack and a half a day. The average price per pack in most states is $5. (See chart on next slide) • Buying tobacco products is not the only cost of smoking. Smokers pay higher health insurance rates than nonsmokers. They can also anticipate on living shorter lives and having more health problems than nonsmokers. • Burning tobacco is a leading cause of forest fires and fires in the home.

31. It Costs How Much?!?! Price Per Pack by State: Kentucky $4.96 N. Dakota $5.04 W. Virginia $5.07 Oklahoma $5.19 Idaho $5.25 Missouri $5.25 Louisiana $5.33 Oregon $5.35 Wyoming $5.37 Mississippi $5.45 Nevada $5.50 S. Carolina $5.55 Colorado $5.59 Indiana $5.77 Alabama $5.80 Virginia $5.81 Ohio $5.88 Tennessee $5.89 Georgia $5.93 Minnesota $5.95 Florida $6.00 N. Carolina $6.03 Nebraska $6.09 Kansas $6.21 Montana $6.25 Arkansas $6.50 New Hampshire $6.59 Utah $6.64 California & S. Dakota $6.77 New Mexico $6.91 Michigan & Pennsylvania $6.95 Maine $7.12 Texas $7.24 Iowa $7.25 D.C. $7.89 Maryland $7.93 Wisconsin $8.11 Washington $8.31 New Jersey $8.55 Massachusetts $8.77 Connecticut $9.30 Vermont $9.52 Rhode Island $9.56 Alaska $9.59 Arizona $9.65 Hawaii $9.68 Illinois $11.59 New York $14.50

32. Costs to the Nonsmoker • Smokers are not the only people who pay a price for their habit! • When a smoker decides to light up a cigarette, smoke is released into the air that everyone breathes. This is known as Secondhand smoke(Environmental tobacco smoke or ETS) • ETS is a mixture of two forms of smoke from burning tobacco products. • The first is sidestream smoke(smoke that comes directly from a burning cigarette, pipe, or cigar.) • The second type is mainstream smoke(smoke that is exhaled by a smoker.)Sidestream smoke contains twice as much tar and nicotine as mainstream smoke. • Passive smoker(a nonsmoker who breathes in secondhand smoke.) • Passive smokers suffer from many of the same health problems of people who actually smoke tobacco products.

33. Cost to the Nonsmoker (cont) • An estimated 40,000 nonsmokers die each year from heart disease. About 3,000 additional nonsmokers die of lung cancer. • Secondhand smoke especially effects children younger than 18 months and people with asthma. • Each year between 150,000 and 300,000 infants and toddlers develop pneumonia or bronchitis from secondhand smoke. From those numbers some 15,000 need to be hospitalized. • Secondhand smoke is also estimated to cause between 200,000 to 1 million asthma attacks each year.

34. Costs to the Unborn Child • Pregnancy and tobacco DO NOT mix. • Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk that the baby will be born too soon and have developmental problems. • Babies born to smoking mothers have: Lower birth weights – The reason being because the baby doesn’t get enough oxygen. The lack of oxygen is caused by the presence of carbon monoxide gas in the mother’s blood.

35. Cost of Lost Productivity • Productivity is a measure of how much a person is able to produce based on how much time he or she works. • People who use tobacco have lower productivity levels on the job. They are sick more often than nonsmokers and, therefore, get less done. These results are costly to businesses. • It is estimated that smoking costs the U.S. economy $80 billion per year in lost productivity.

36. Countering the Costs of Tobacco • A ban on the manufacture and sale of tobacco products has been proposed. Many smokers, however, claim that would interfere with their constitutional rights. • Another proposal is to increase the amount of excise tax on cigarettes. This would make it more costly to purchase tobacco products and give the government more money to educate people about the dangers of tobacco use.

37. 2013 Excise Tax in Each State

38. Ch.13 Lesson 4 Questions What is secondhand smoke? How does it affect the nonsmoker? How much money do tobacco companies spend each year on advertising? What is smoking’s cost to the United States in terms of business productivity? Why are pregnant women advised not to smoke? Erin was waiting in line for the movies. When the man in front of Erin lit a cigarette, a woman standing behind the man said it was rude. “Why?” the man asked. “I’m not hurting anyone else, am I?” How would you respond to this question?

39. Lesson 5: Choosing to Be Tobacco Free • Vocabulary: (2) • Negative peer pressure • Point-of-sale promotions • Objectives: • Students will: • Identify ways teens are influenced to try tobacco. • Explain how to avoid pressure to use tobacco. • Describe the rights of nonsmokers.

40. Why Some Start Using Tobacco • Why would any teen use tobacco?.... Peer Pressure • Most teens will be offered tobacco. Might even be strongly encouraged to use. • Negative peer pressure(pressure you feel to go along with harmful behaviors or beliefs of others your age.)

41. Other Pressures • Some pressures to smoke can come from indirect sources like: • Family Members– Teens who live in homes where tobacco is used are more likely to use tobacco themselves. • Advertising – Tobacco companies use strategies such as point-of-sale promotions (advertising campaigns in which a product is promoted at a store’s checkout counter.) • They effectively capture the attention of shoppers as they are waiting to pay. • Media – TV shows and movies often show characters having fun while smoking. Good News!!!! Fewer and fewer teens are using tobacco every year.

42. Staying Tobacco Free • Make a commitment to protect your health now and in the future by staying tobacco free. • 90% of adult smokers reported they started before the age of 18. • If you avoid tobacco as a teen chances are you won’t ever start smoking. • Resisting negative peer pressure is VERY difficult but everyone can be strong enough to do it.

43. Staying Tobacco Free • Helpful advise resisting negative peer pressure: • Choose friends who don’t do it. • Avoid situation where it will be used. • Remember S.T.O.P strategy to help say no. Say NO Tell Why Offer Alternative Promptly Leave

44. Nonsmokers’ Rights • Everyone has the right to breath air that is free of tobacco smoke. • Laws have been passed in recent years to protect the rights of nonsmokers. • Many local laws forbid smoking in designated areas such as businesses, schools, and public transportation vehicles.

45. Ch.13 Lesson 5 Questions What is negative peer pressure? Name ways of avoiding pressure to try tobacco. What right is shared by all nonsmokers? Of all the sources that pressure to smoke can come from, which do you find the most persuasive, and why? You are sitting in a nonsmoking area of a restaurant. A person at the next table lights up. When you point to the nonsmoking sign, the person extinguishes the cigarette. She then says, “You know, smokers have rights, too.” How do you respond?