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Exploring Static Charges

Exploring Static Charges. Charging by Friction. Electricity: A form of energy that results from the interaction of charged particles such as electrons or protons Static Charge: refers to an electric charge that stays on the surface of an object

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Exploring Static Charges

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  1. Exploring Static Charges

  2. Charging by Friction • Electricity: A form of energy that results from the interaction of charged particles such as electrons or protons • Static Charge: refers to an electric charge that stays on the surface of an object • Charging by friction: The process of building static charges on objects by rubbing them • When objects become charged by friction, one material has a stronger attraction to electrons than another material and therefore pulls electrons off the material. As a result, both materials become charged...

  3. Causes of Electrical Charges • Particles that carry electric charges can't be created or destroyed • Any charge (+ or -) on a solid object results from the transfer of electrons between this object and another • An object with an excess of electrons has a negative charge • An object with a deficit of electrons has a positive charge • Different materials hold onto their electrons with different strengths

  4. An Electrostatic Series • Electrostatic Series: A list of materials that have been arranged according to their ability to hold onto electrons (determined through experiments)

  5. Using the electrostatic series, you can predict the charge on different materials that are rubbed together • Knowing this, propose how anti-static sheets work in the dryer....

  6. Insulators and Conductors • Insulator: A material in which electrons cannot move easily from one atom to another (poor conductors of electricity, rubber) • Conductor: Materials in which electrons are free to move from one atom to another (metals) • Semiconductors: Non-metal materials in which electrons move fairly well (silicon) • Dry air is an insulator, moist air is a better conductor • Pure water is an insulator (water is rarely pure and often contains electrolytes)

  7. Grounding: Removing Static Charges • Ground: Has a large number of charges and can supply and remove electrons (can remove charges from objects making them neutral) • The Earth is a good ground: It is so large, it always remains neutral • You can act as a ground by touching objects (you can also be shocked!) • Electric shocks: results when a large number of electrons flow through you • One way to eliminate shocks is to rub an insulator (why does this work?)

  8. In many situations, static charges are dangerous, for example: electronic equipment can be easily damaged by static charges (hard drives), pacemakers • Sparks from static electricity can cause explosions at gas stations, in grain elevators, coal mines

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