1 / 24

Javier Fuertes Aguilar

Challenges in barcoding of Angiosperms: Reticulate evolution, glacial refugia and adaptive radiations. Javier Fuertes Aguilar. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC Madrid, Spain. Challenges for barcoding. Reticulate evolution Compilospecies in Armeria (Plumbaginaceae)

tansy
Download Presentation

Javier Fuertes Aguilar

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Challenges in barcoding of Angiosperms: Reticulate evolution, glacial refugia and adaptive radiations Javier Fuertes Aguilar Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC Madrid, Spain

  2. Challenges for barcoding Reticulate evolution Compilospecies in Armeria (Plumbaginaceae) Reticulate evolution in Lavatera -Malva 2. Glacial refugia 3. Adaptive radiations

  3. A B C D E F G H I J Gossypium Genome A • One single event of reticulation can produce several lineages G. mustelinum 3,5,6,7,13,b,d,e,f,j G. barbadense G. darwinii 1,10,12,c,h Genome D 9,11 G. tomentosum g 4,i a G. hirsutum Dejoode & Wendel, 1992 2,8,14,15 Reticulate evolution in Angiosperms • Very important in the evolution of Angiosperms (frequency >50%).

  4. Reticulate evolution in Armeria A. villosa A. filicaulis S Spain A. macrophylla A. splendens A. hirta A. gaditana

  5. Reticulate evolution in Armeria • Additive pattern in ITS absent • No congruence between ITS and morphology • Geographic pattern for ITS S Spain Armeria villosa ssp. longiaristata Other A. villosa ssp Other Armeria spp. Fuertes Aguilar et al. 1999a Syst. Biol., 2002 Mol. Phyl. Evol.

  6. 362 383 384 509 542 591 VIL #22 T C C G G A A G G C C T 362 383 384 509 542 591 362 383 384 509 542 591 VIL #23 T C C G G A A A G G B2VIL #164 W Y Y R K R B1VIL #58 T C C G G A A G G C C T C T W R R Y C Y A G G C C T B2VIL #165 T C C G G A B1VIL #120 T C C G G A A G G C C T A G G C C T B2VIL #166 T C C G G A A G G C C T B2VIL #167 T C C G G A A G G C C T B2VIL #168 T C C G G A A G G C C T B2VIL #156 T C C G G A 362 383 384 509 542 591 A G G C C T A T T A G F1 #55 W Y Y R G R B2VIL #157 T C C G G A T A T W R R Y C Y A G G C C T A T T A G F1 #56 W Y Y R G R B2VIL #123 T C C G G A T A A 362 383 384 509 542 591 W R R Y C Y A G G C C T T A T T A G G F2 #90 A T T A K G F1 #57 W Y Y R K R B2VIL #124 T C C G G A T T A T C T T A A Y M C W R R Y M Y A G G C C T G G F2 #92 A T T A K G F1 #125 A T T A K G C C G A B2VIL #59 W Y Y R K R T C T A A T C C T A A Y C Y G G C T W R R Y C Y T C C G F2 #95 A T T A K G F1 #126 W Y Y R G R T G C T T A A Y M C W R R Y C Y G A T T G F2 #96 A T T A K G F1 #127 W Y Y A K R T T C C T A A T C C W R R Y M Y G A C C A G G F2 #97 A T T A K G F1 #128 W Y Y R K R T A G C T A A T C C W R R Y C Y 362 383 384 509 542 591 A T T A G F1 #129 W Y Y R K R CAR #10 A T T A T G T W R R Y C Y T A A T A C A T T G F1 #130 W Y Y A K R CAR #13 A T T A T G T A G T C C W R R Y M Y T A A T A C A T T G F1 #150 W Y Y A K R T C W R R Y M Y 362 383 384 509 542 591 G B1COL # 91 A T T A K G T A A T C C T B1COL #94 A T T A K G 362 383 384 509 542 591 C T A A T M C COL #11 A T T A T G T B1COL #98 A T T A K G T A A T A C C T A A T M C COL #12 A T T A T G T A A T A C Reticulate evolution in Armeria Biased concerted evolution in ITS is almost completed after two hybrid generations B villosa ssp . longiaristata B villosa ssp . longiaristata Æ Æ 1 2 A. villosa ssp . longiaristata F 1 F 2 A. villosa ssp . carratracensis B colorata Æ 1 A. colorata Fuertes Aguilar et al. 1999b Mol. Ecol

  7. Reticulate evolution in Lavatera-Malva Lavatera acerifolia Lavatera maritima ITS1+5.8S+ ITS2 rDNA NUCLEAR psbA-trnH trnL-F matK ndhF PLASTID annual althaeas annual althaeas Lavatera maritima OUTGROUP

  8. ¿How reticulate evolution would affect to barcoding? • Incongruence between genes from nucleus with biparental inheritance and those from cytoplasmic with maternal inheritance (cpDNA, nrDNA). • Lack of coherence between the taxonomic position depending on whether it is based on morphological or molecular characters. • Lack of resolution due to the mechanisms of concerted evolution when multicopy genes are used (nrDNA:ITS, 18S, 26S)

  9. Challenges for barcoding 1. Reticulate evolution 2. Glacial refugia Armeria (Plumbaginaceae) in SE Spain Phlomis (Labiatae) in SE Spain 3. Adaptive radiations

  10. Glacial refugia Effects at 3 levels -- Floristic level Endemism in refugia High diversity -- Generic level Speciation Hybridization -- Species level (populations) Introgression Equilibrium drift-gene flow Southern massifs: -- True melting-pots -- Isolation/Sympatry in species and populations --”Cul de sac” effect. Ferris et al., 1999, Hewitt, 1996

  11. Glacial refugia in SE Spain • Geological features • 3480 m asl (Mulhacén). Strong gradient . Nevado-Filabrid complex, surrounded by Alpujarrid and Malaguid complexes. • Emerged in middle Miocene. Uninterrupted uplift. • Tortonian-Messinian (7.1 Mya): 2000 m asl (Braga et al 2003) • Glacial history • Climatic oscillation in last 5 My documented: periglacial activity from paleosoil evidence (Günster & Skowronek 2001). • Palinological records in the Quaternary (Pons & Reille 1988 Carrión et al 2001) • Last cold episodes: Riss, Würm and Late Glacial episodes (Ortiz & Salvador 1996, Simón 2000, Schulte 2002) Hot spot of plant diversity The highest diversity in Western Mediterranean Hot-spot of endemism Erodium (6 endemics) (Aldasoro et al., in press) Arenaria (8 endemics) (Nieto Feliner, 1992), Centaurea (13 endemics) (Blanca et al, 1999), Erysimum (7 endemics) (Nieto Feliner, 1994),

  12. Armeria splendens Armeria filicaulis subsp. nevadensis Armeriavillosa subsp. bernisii villosa Armeriafilicaulis subsp. trevenqueana filicaulis - around 1700 m - open dry rocky soils, dolomies. Cerrro del Trevenque West S. Nevada Glacial refugia in Armeria Armeria: 100 spp. Holartic, Subantarctic, Mediterranean, Macaronesia - above 2880 m - periglacial meadows (borreguiles) - between 2100 - 2550 m - open alpine meadows -between 1250-2300 m - Forests (Pinus, Quercus)

  13. Haplotypes are shared by 2/3 species within a particular area Haplotypes are species independent Horizontal transfer of cpDNA Sierra Nevada Glacial refugia in Armeria 7 cases in SE Spain where trnL-F: Gutiérrez et al. Mol. Ecol. 2002 Nieto Feliner et al. An. Bot 2004 I E

  14. unrooted parsimony tree 1 1 1 1 1 1 Glacial refugia in Phlomis cpDNA marker: trnH-psbA P. lychnitis P. crinita subsp. malacitana P. crinita subsp. crinita P. crinita subsp. mauritanica Single most parsimonious tree C.I. = 1.000 R.I. = 1.000 Albaladejo et al. 2004 Bot. J. L. Soc, 2005 Taxon

  15. unrooted parsimony tree 1 1 3 1 3 Glacial refugia in Phlomis cpDNA marker: trnT-trnL P. lychnitis P. crinita subsp. malacitana P. crinita subsp. crinita P. crinita subsp. mauritanica Single most parsimonious tree C.I. = 1.000 R.I. = 1.000 Albaladejo et al. 2004 Bot. J. L. Soc, 2005 Taxon

  16. unrooted parsimony tree 2 2 5 1 2 Glacial refugia in Phlomis cpDNA marker: atpB-rbcL (atpB gene + intergenic spacer) P. lychnitis P. crinita subsp. malacitana P. crinita subsp. crinita P. crinita subsp. mauritanica Single most parsimonious tree C.I. = 1.000 R.I. = 1.000 Albaladejo et al. 2004 Bot. J. L. Soc, 2005 Taxon

  17. P. lychnitis 43 P. lychnitis 44 P. lychnitis 3 P. lychnitis 3 P. lychnitis 22 P. lychnitis 22 P. lychnitis 10 P. lychnitis 10 P. lychnitis 14 P. lychnitis 14 95 P.crinita subsp. malacitana 19 P.crinita subsp. malacitana 19 P.crinita subsp. malacitana 22 P.crinita subsp. malacitana 22 P.crinita subsp. malacitana 14 P.crinita subsp. malacitana 14 P.crinita subsp. malacitana 6 P.crinita subsp. malacitana 6 P.crinita subsp. malacitana 2 P.crinita subsp. malacitana 2 P.crinita subsp. malacitana 9 P.crinita subsp. malacitana 9 P. lychnitis 43 P. lychnitis 46 P. lychnitis 42 P. lychnitis 31 P. lychnitis 26 P. crinita subsp. crinita 38 P. lychnitis 41 P. lychnitis 41 P. lychnitis 32 P. lychnitis 32 63 64 P. crinita subsp. crinita 39 P. crinita subsp. crinita 31 P. crinita subsp. crinita 31 P. crinita subsp. crinita 38 P. crinita subsp. crinita 28 P. crinita subsp. crinita 28 87 P. lychnitis 31 P. lychnitis 26 62 P. lychnitis 20 P. lychnitis 20 P.crinita subsp. malacitana 12 P.crinita subsp. malacitana 12 P. crinita subsp. crinita 39 P. crinita subsp. mauritanica 1 99 P. crinita subsp. mauritanica 2 P. crinita subsp. mauritanica 3 P. purpurea Glacial refugia in Phlomis Southern Spain Clade Eastern Spain Clade MauritanicaClade Strict consensus tree of 23 most-parsimonious trees of 29 steps from the analysis of the combined cpDNA sequences. CI = 0.889; RI = 0.919 (excluding uninformative characters).

  18. Glacial refugia ¿How glacial refugia diversity would affect to barcoding? • The same effects produced by reticulate evolution • There is frequent horizontal transfer betweeen taxa during the range contractions and expansion produced during glacial cycle. • Genetic variability is concentrated and sampling needs to be enhanced in order to avoid underestimations of rare genotypes

  19. Challenges for barcoding 1. Reticulate evolution 2. Glacial refugia 3. Adaptive radiations Inuleae in Macaronesia Epigenetic variation

  20. Adaptive radiation in Macaronesia Summary of Molecular Systematic studies in Macaronesia

  21. Azores Islands (9 islands) Madeira Islands (3 islands) Selvagem Islands (2 islands) Canary Islands (7 islands) Cape Verde Islands (10 islands) Adaptive radiations in Macaronesia Europe Tropic of Cancer Africa 200 km The Macaronesian Islands Canary Is. 509 endemic species 47% belongs to genera with more than 1 endemic species in Macaronesia: Radiations: e.g. Echium, Aeonium, Crambe, Argyranthemum, Sideritis, Sonchus, Poterium, Pericallis, Cheirolophus

  22. Adaptive radiation in Macaronesian Asteraceae Schizogyne sericeus Pulicaria canariensis Vieraea laevigata Allagopappus dichotomus Francisco-Ortega et al 2000 Bot J Linn. Soc

  23. Adaptive radiation ¿How adaptive radiations would affect to barcoding? • The same effects produced by reticulate evolution. • Similar effects produced by glacial refugia. • Morphological variation is often associated to changes in gene expression (epigenetic) patterns but not in gene sequences.

  24. Acknowledgements The organizers of the workshop G. Nieto Feliner, P. Escobar, B. Gutiérrez, I. Marques, J González, I. Álvarez (RJB-CSIC) P. Cubas (CNB-CSIC) R.G. Albaladejo (U. Sevilla) J. Francisco Ortega (FIU)

More Related