To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee

1. To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee

2. No, it is not a “how to” book

3. How is the South different than the rest of the country? Language Food Customs Religion History Climate Race Relations

4. The Author Background info on Harper Lee: Born in 1926. Raised in Monroeville, AL. Her father was a lawyer. His name was Francis Finch.

5. Lee and Capote Capote and Lee: Grew up with Truman Capote. Based character Dill on Capote. Capote dedicated his most famous book, In Cold Blood to Harper Lee.

6. Lee Later in life: The novel won Pulitzer Prize in 1961 Awarded honorary degrees. Only published essays following TKAM. Currently splits her time between New York City and Monroeville. The Author

7. Where did she get the idea? Where did Harper Lee get the idea for her novel? A case in Scottsboro, AL 2 white women accused an African American man of raping them. Only received lawyer the day of the trial.

8. Scottsboro Case Cont… No physical evidence of a rape. Medical testimony said no rape. All white jury still convicted them.

9. Setting Setting: In Maycomb, AL In 1930s During the Great Depression Novel is set during the time of complete segregation.

10. Class System Class System: Land class Educated class The townspeople The farmers The poor white trash The African Americans

11. Southern Society African American Nannies: Took care of children Cleaned Cooked Handled most of the discipline.

12. Southern Society Southern Ladies: look pretty, Participate in ladies groups, Supervise the running of the household.

13. Southern Society Small Towns: everyone knows you, church is the center of the social scene, not much entertainment, everybody knows everybody’s business, You are judged by your family.

14. Literary Terms Sub Plot: A small plot within a novel/play that helps to support or build the main plot. Main plot: The trial of Tom Robinson Sub Plot: Mrs. Dubose, the fire, the kids and Boo, etc…

15. Main Characters Jean Louise “Scout” Finch: six years old, tomboy Jeremy Atticus “Jem” Finch: 10 years old Atticus Finch: Dad, widower, Lawyer Dill: Friend who visit in the summer Arthur “Boo” Radley: Scary guy who lives next door

16. Essay Character Development Paper: How does Jem/Scout mature throughout the novel? Immature-----mature

17. Essay Body1: immature beginning of the book Body 2: beginning to mature-middle Body 3: mature-end

18. Chapter 1 POV: First Person-Scout tells the story Main Characters: Jem: Ten years old at the start of the novel Scout: Six years old at the start of the novel Atticus: Lawyer, widower, nearly fifty

19. Chapter 1 Main Characters cont…: Calpurnia: The children’s nanny, African American, worked for the family for years Dill: Staying w/ his Aunt Stephanie for the summer, single parent home

20. Chapter 1 Main characters cont… Boo Radley (according to Jem): Seven feet tall Eats raw squirrels and cats Has fangs Is a peeping Tom Drools

21. Chapter 1 Boo Radley, the real story: Got in w/ the wrong crowd Got arrested for being wild Family would not send him to the reform school

22. Chapter 1 Boo’s story cont… Put in the courthouse basement Almost died from the mildew Went and was home-never seen again Stabbed his father in the leg w/ scissors

23. Chapter 1 Dill gets the idea of trying to get Boo to come out To prove his bravery, Jem runs up and slaps the house—not very mature!

24. CHAPTER 2 1st grade: filled with kids of all ages, Town kids go straight through school. Farming kids keep working at home and are never able to advance

25. Chapter 2 It is Scout’s and Miss Caroline’s first day of school Miss Caroline’s Mistakes: Was mad at Scout for being able to read and write. Points out student w/ no lunch, Pat with ruler Sticks children in corner

26. Chapter 2 She Doesn’t understand her kids: most of them are farm kids they just don’t get the cat story the Cunningham's don’t take charity

27. Chapter 3 Scout takes her frustration out on Walter Cunningham Jem invites him over for supper Scout, again, gets in trouble because of her big mouth

28. Chapter 3 Miss Caroline does not understand Burris! The Ewells: Mother is dead Dad is a drunk Kids are filthy They live in the dump The kids don’t go to school The town looks the other way

29. Chapter 4 Who is leaving things in the knothole? Why? Jem gets Scout back for making fun of him (mature?) What does Scout hear in the house? Playing Boo Radley in the front yard (mature?).

30. Chapter 5 Miss Maudie: Treats the kids with respect Loves her garden Widow Rents a room to Mr. Avery Lives across the street from the Finches

31. Chapter 5 Scout is having problems with her fiancé. How does she try to solve them? (mature?) Miss Maudie explains a bit more about the Radley’s Atticus catches the kids playing “Boo Radley” Jem’s response was very mature!

32. Chapter 6 What do the kids wait to see Mr. Avery do? The kids decide to look in Boo’s window Mr. Nathan fires a gun at the kids Jem gets stuck in the fence Dill is able to think on his feet Jem goes back at night to get his pants

33. Chapter 7 More things found in the tree The kids decide to write a thank you note What happened the night Jem went back to get his pants? Mr. Nathan fills up the knothole Why is Jem so upset?

34. Chapter 8 It snows! Jem builds a snowman. What does show about Jem? What is an absolute morphodite?

35. Chapter 8 Miss Maudie’s house catches fire What does Atticus think to save? Scout gets a blanket from who? Why doesn’t Jem want to return it? How does this show maturity?

36. Chapter 9 Why is the town so mad at Atticus? Scout is told to stop fighting and she has some success Uncle Jack comes for Christmas Scout is still trying to get out of going to school (mature?) What is the rule about the air rifles?

37. Chapter 9 Aunt Alexandra: Atticus’ older sister Believes Scout should behave like a “proper lady” Not a “kid“ person She is a cold person

38. Chapter 9 Uncle Jimmy: Married to Aunt Alexandra “Buys cotton” (does nothing) Has spoken to Scout once in her whole life

39. Chapter 9 Francis: Aunt Alexandra’s grandson Prissy Tattletale Mean

40. Chapter 9 Francis calls Atticus a hateful name Scout responds by calling Francis a whorelady and beating him up Uncle Jack sides with Francis until he hears the whole story.

41. Chapter 9 Uncle Jack and Atticus have a talk at the end of the chapter: Why does Atticus want Scout to hear the whole thing? What is in store for the kids?

42. Chapter 10 The kids think Atticus is just too old There is a mad dog What do the kids learn about Atticus? Why doesn’t Jem want tell everyone? How does this show maturity?

43. Chapter 11 Mrs. Dubose: Really old Really mean Supposedly has a confederate pistol in her lap Hates Atticus for defending Tom Robinson

44. Chapter 11 Jem Snaps. What does he do? How does he have to make amends? Atticus tells Jem that Mrs. Dubose teaches an important lesson: The meaning of courage.

45. Chapter 11 “I wanted you to see something about her-I wanted you to see what real courage is, instead of getting the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand.”

46. Chapter 11 “It’s when you know you’re licked before you begin, but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what. You rarely win, but sometimes you do. Mrs. Dubose won, all ninety eight pounds of her” (Lee 112)

47. Chapter 12 Calpurnia’s Church: Scout learns: Calpurnia has another life, Most African Americans in Maycomb can’t read.

48. Chapter 12 Church is strong and caring, No white people will hire Helen Robinson, Atticus is well respected w/in the African American community

49. Chapter 13 Aunt Alexandra’s definition of a proper Lady and Gentleman: Dress nicely Come from a land owning family, Hire people to work your land, Own land on the river Have good manners, It’s about how you look not who you are

50. Chapter 13 What do you think Atticus’ definition would be? Why does Atticus tell Scout that it is not time to worry yet?

51. Chapter 14 How has Jem separated himself from the younger kids? What is under Scout’s bed? Why doesn’t Boo run away?

52. Chapter 14 Atticus as a parent: Gives his children attention. Makes them feel needed and important.

53. Chapter 15 Mob Scene: Violent tradition of lynching African Amer. Without a trial. Who is in the mob? Why does a mob operate differently from individuals? How does Scout stop them?

54. Chapter 15 Is Jem mature in this chapter? Goes to protect his father Refuses to leave when told to Why does Atticus muss Jem’s hair at the end of the chapter?

55. Chapter 16 Maycomb county values conformity: be like everyone else, follow the social norms. Dolphus Raymond His white fiancé killed herself Lives with African Americans

56. Chapter 16 Drinks out of a paper sack Has “mixed children” Is wealthy Why does Jem think the Raymond kids are sad? Where do the Jem, Scout and Dill sit to watch the trial? What does this tell us about them and Atticus?

57. Chapter 17 Important Testimony from Heck Tate (the sheriff) No doctor was called Mayella was beaten on the right side of her face She had hand marks all the way around her neck There were no other witnesses besides Mayella, her father and Tom

58. Chapter 17 Bob’s Testimony: He starts by insulting his dead wife. He refers to his daughter as a farm animal. He is disrespectful to the judge and to Atticus

59. Chapter 17 Who plants the flowers at the Ewell House? Who does this remind you of? Why did Atticus have Bob sign his name? Why does Bob get so mad?

60. Chapter 18 Mayella’s testimony: Tom raped her. Asked Tom to fix door Tom beat her with both hands Dad said Tom ran out door Claims Tom has been over 1 or 2 times

61. Chapter 18 What Atticus shows us about Mayella She doesn’t even know what a friend is She doesn’t even understand how a child could love her parent Her father beats her No one has ever addressed and “Miss”

62. Chapter 18 Mayella Cont… Only two of the family members can read Mayella refuses to change her story Why does she yell at the end?

63. Chapter 19 What we know about Tom: He is a family man He is a religious man His left hand does not work He had helped Mayella before

64. Chapter 19 Tom’s testimony: Mayella kissed him Tom said nothing was wrong with the door Tom can only use his right hand Said he jumped out the window Says he helps Mayella often

65. Chapter 19 Tom’s story cont… The kids went to get ice cream-Mayella saved the money Mayella wanted to kiss a man because what her father does to her doesn’t count Who do you believe? Why would Mayella lie?

66. Chapter 20 Why does Dill become so upset? Dolphus Raymond offers him a drink Dolphus really drinks Coca Cola, not alcohol. Why does Dolphus pretend?

67. Chapter 20 What mistake does Tom make? Atticus’ final statement forces the town to look at itself Calpurnia comes to court

68. Chapter 21 The kids are in trouble Why does Atticus let them go back? Jem believes Atticus will win The jury finds Tom guilty Why do all the African Americans Stand when Atticus passes?

69. Chapter 22 Jem is crushed by the verdict He learns that life isn’t fair How does the African American Community thank Atticus? What did Bob Ewell do to Atticus?

70. Chapter 23 How does Atticus respond to Bob Ewell’s action? Miss Maudie tries to comfort Jem—he gets a piece of the big cake Jem tries to understand why the jury did what it did.

71. Chapter 23 Who was the holdout on the jury? Why can’t Scout invite Walter Cunningham over? Why does Jem think Boo stays inside?

72. Chapter 24 Aunt Alexandra has a missionary tea: Mrs. Merriweather makes rude comments about Atticus Miss Maudie puts her in her place Scout joins the party

73. Chapter 24 It is ironic that the woman want to help Africans in Africa but are so cruel to African Americans in their own town. Tom Robinson is dead—shot 17 times

74. Chapter 24 Atticus asks Cal to go with him to tell Helen Scout gains new respect for Aunt Alexandra

75. Chapter 25 Why doesn’t Jem let Scout kill the roly poly? How does Dill describe Helen when she learned of Tom’s death? What is Bob Ewell’s reaction?

76. Chapter 26 Scout feels remorse for how they treated Boo (mature) It is ironic that Mrs. Gates hates Hitler for how he treats the Jews but treats the African Americans in her own town terribly.

77. Chapter 26 What is Jem so upset about? What is Jem trying to forget?

78. Chapter 27 It’s Halloween Because of the incident with Miss Tutti and Miss Frutti, there will be a pageant! Mrs. Merriweather is in charge (yuk!)

79. Chapter 27 What happened at Judge Taylor’s house? What does that say about Bob Ewell? What did Bob say about the loss of his job? What does Bob do to Helen Robinson?

80. Chapter 27 What part does Scout play? How was her costume constructed? Who is taking her to the pageant? Why does Lee end the chapter the way she does?

81. Chapter 28 Jem and Scout take a short cut to get to school Cecil Jacobs scares them Poor Scout misses her cue during the pageant

82. Chapter 28 They wait until everyone is gone to leave. Scout is still wearing her costume They are attacked Who attacked them? Who saved them? What is Jem’s injury?

83. Chapter 29 How was Bob killed? Who do we meet for the first time? What saved Scout’s life? What outfit does Aunt Alexandra give Scout to wear?

84. Chapter 30 Scout treats Boo like a proper lady should treat a visitor in her home Who killed Bob Ewell? Why does Heck Tate say Bob fell on his knife?

85. Chapter 30 Why would it be like killing a mockingbird to tell the town what happened?

86. Chapter 31 What does Scout do when it is time for Boo to go home? What is her mature realization? How is the lesson of The Grey Ghost connected to the theme of the novel? Why is the last image of the novel so powerful?

87. Major Symbols Symbols: Tom Robinson is the mockingbird. All he does is help others and create “beautiful music” Then he was killed which makes it a sin. The roly-poly = mockingbird also.

88. Symbols cont… Symbols Cont’d: Boo represents the mockingbird. He has done no wrong and saves the kids from Bob Ewell.

89. Symbols The Journey: Growing up The journey Scout and Jem took to school that night The journey from innocence to experience

90. Themes Themes: In Harper Lee’s novel TKAM, she illustrates it is a sin to destroy those who seek only to do good in the world … it is a painful and difficult process growing up in this world. …we live in a world which is often unjust.

91. Essay Hook Examples: Immaturity, we’ve all experienced it. When did you start maturing? What in the Same Hill are you doing?

92. Essay Transition: Scout struggles in her effort to grow up. Jem matures dramatically through one painful summer. In her effort to get out of going to school by cussing, Scout shows her immaturity. My experience mirrors Scout’s painful experience to mature.

93. The Essay Thesis: Scout is a character who painfully and humorously demonstrates that maturing is no easy task. Harper Lee illustrates this in To Kill A Mockingbird. Transition: At the beginning of the novel, Scout is incredibly immature.

94. The Essay Conclusion: Trans: Scout/Jem has been on an incredible journey. Thesis: In an unjust and unfair world, growing up is never an easy process. Clincher: With her new found maturity, the dinner table will clearly be a safer and more appropriate place to be. Framing: Connecting the hook and the clincher together.