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Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Risk Factors

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Risk Factors. Diseases of CHOICE???. What is a Risk Factor?. A risk factor is a lifestyle pattern or characteristic that increases your risk of disease.

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Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Risk Factors

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  1. Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Risk Factors Diseases of CHOICE???

  2. What is a Risk Factor? • A risk factor is a lifestyle pattern or characteristic that increases your risk of disease. • Extensive research called “epidemiological studies” have identified numerous risk factors that increase the probability of diseases of heart disease and blood vessels.

  3. Heart Disease- A Disease of Choice. • Did you know you can control most of the risk factors for Coronary Heart Disease? • Sometimes CHD is called a “disease of choice” since most of the risk factors are under your control. • Risk factors are grouped into 2 categories: • 1)Controllable • 2)Uncontrollable

  4. Controllable Risk Factors for CHD • High Blood Pressure • Smoking Cigarettes • High Blood Cholesterol • Physical Inactivity • Obesity • Diabetes • High Triglycerides

  5. High Blood Pressure (hypertension) • heart works harder pushing blood against greater resistance • can enlarge heart over time • damages intima and can rupture capillaries • speeds up atherosclerosis providing area for fats and cholesterol to “stick”

  6. Smoking Cigarettes • nicotene is a powerful vasoconstrictor- damages the intima increasing fat deposition • reduces oxygen in blood • decreases the “good” HDL cholesterol • increases abnormal rhythms • cause narrowing of arteries in legs (peripheral vascular disease).

  7. What is Cholesterol? • Cholesterol is a fatty wax-like substance. • Found in the cell membrane to give rigidity to cell. • Used to make hormones. • Taken in through diet, and also made by the liver. • Comes from animal sources, not found in plants.

  8. Blood Cholesterol Levels

  9. How is Cholesterol Transported? • Since cholesterol is not soluble in water, it is carried in a special molecule called a “lipoprotein”. • Two main lipoproteins carry cholesterol in our body: • 1)high-density lipoprotein (HDL) “good” • 2)low-density lipoprotein (LDL) “bad”.

  10. Carries cholesterol from tissues to the liver to be broken down, slows deposition High values (>60) protect against CHD Increases with aerobic Exercise, women have higher values premenopause Decreases with Smoking “Good Cholesterol” Carries cholesterol and deposits it in artery walls, increasing buildup of fatty plaque. High levels increase risk of CHD and stroke. Increased with high saturated fat and cholesterol diet “Bad Cholesterol” Comparison of HDL and LDL

  11. Additional Risk Factors • High Triglycerides (TG) in blood. TG are most common fat in the body. Also storage form of fat in body. High levels found in people with CHD and diabetes. • Physical Inactivity associated with increased risk of CHD, especially combined with obesity, hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes.

  12. Risk Factors for CHD (cont) • Obesity and Overweight- people with excess body fat, especially in the waist area. Obese people are at greater risk of CHD, even without other risk factors. • Diabetes- increases risk, speeds up deposition of fatty plaques, reducing blood flow.

  13. Uncontrollable Risk Factors for CHD • Increasing Age • Male Gender • Ethnicity • Heredity

  14. Other Factors Affecting CHD Risk • Stressful lifestyle • Excessive alcohol consumption • Some illegal drugs • Aging and Menopause

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