MOTIVATION! WE ALL NEED IT 

1. MOTIVATION! WE ALL NEED IT 

2. FAST FIVErecord answers in your notes • What’s the name of the song playing? • What is the name of the musical group? • How do you describe where things are? • What tools do you use to describe where things are? • What do GIS and GPS stand for?

3. WHAT IS HUMAN GEOGRAPHY? • Vocabulary important – weekly quizzes • Geography: study of location of people & activities across earth & the reasons for their distribution; the study of the logical arrangement of human activities in space • Human Geography: study where & why human activities are located where they are; i.e. religions, cities, businesses, schools, malls, military bases etc. • 2 themes constantly present that are in opposition with each other - globalization & localism • Most want globalizations benefits as well as preservation of local uniqueness

4. WHEN DO WE USE GEOGRAPHY? • WRITE DOWN 3 EXAMPLES OF HOW YOU HAVE EXPERIENCED OR DO EXPERIENCE THESE 2 TENSIONS IN YOUR DAILY LIFE? • WHEN WAS THE LAST TIME YOU USED GEOGRAPHY? • WHO WAS ERATOSTHENES?

5. THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF GEOGRAPHY & REALLY COOL MAPS OBJ: TO THINK GEOGRAPHICALLY BY LEARNING & IDENTIFYING EARLY GEOGRAPHERS AND THEIR METHODS

6. WHERE IN THE WORLD?

7. THE WORLD FROM SPACE

8. VOCABULARY PLACE: SPECIFIC LOCATION REGION: AREA OF EARTH DISTINGUISHED BY COMBINATION OF CULTURAL & PHYSICAL FEATURES SCALE: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PORTION OF EARTH BEING STUDIED & EARTH AS A WHOLE UHS – PLACE, REGION, SCALE

9. TYPES OF SCALESMALL SCALE SHOWS A LARGER AREA ON THE EARTH’S SURFACE W/LESS DETAILLARGE SCALE SMALLER AREA BUT W/MORE DETAILRATIO OR FRACTION 1/1,000WRITTEN: 1 INCH = 1 MILEGRAPHIC: BAR LINE

10. IN THE BEGINNING… • BABYLONIANS: 2300BCE 1ST MAPS • MEDITERRANEAN SAILORS: MAPS OF ROCKS, SEA, CURRENTS EARLY 800’S BCE • GREEKS: THALES USED GEOMETRY, ANAXIMANDER WORLD MAP, HECATEUS 1ST GEOGRAPHY BOOK 500BCE, ARISTOTLE 384-322BCE 1ST TO DEMONSTRATE EARTH WAS SPHERICAL, ERATOSTHENES 276?-194?BCE 1ST TO USE WORD GEOGRAPHY, CALCULATED EARTH’S CIRCUMFERENCE, 1 OF EARLIEST KNOWN WORLD MAPS, DIVIDED EARTH INTO 5 CLIMATE REGIONS • PTOLEMY 100-170?CE 8 VOLUME GUIDE TO GEOGRAPHY • INQUIRY IN CHINA, MUSLIMS • REVIVAL OF CARTOGRAPHY AGE OF EXPLORATION & DISCOVERY 165H - 17TH CENT. COLUMBUS, MAGELLAN, HENRY THE NAVIGATOR • MORE ACCURATE MAPS & TEXTS AS RESULT • MERCATOR 1512-1594 & ORTELIUS 1527-1650

11. MAPS! WHAT ARE THEY GOOD FOR? • CARTOGRAPHY – SCIENCE OF MAPMAKING. TODAY THIS IS DONE WITH THE AID OF COMPUTERS & SATELLITE IMAGERY • PURPOSES? – DIRECTIONS, STORE REFERENCE MATERIAL, COMMUNICATE GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION, FIND LOCATION, DISTRIBUTION OF PHYSICAL FEATURES & HUMAN ACTIVITIES • SCALE, PROJECTION, TELLING TIME • MAPS LIE

14. MAP OF COUNTRIES THAT HAVE McDONALD’SWHAT KIND OF MAP IS THIS?

17. WORLD MAP OF NATIONAL IQ SCORES

18. EQUAL AREA MAP/GOODE

19. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF MAP PROJECTIONS • DISTORTION: SHAPE, DISTANCE, RELATIVE SIZE OF AREAS, DIRECTION • EQUAL AREA/GOODE: TEXT USES THESE MAPS - RELATIVE SIZES OF LANDMASSES SAME AS IN REALITY; SHAPE OF LANDMASS DISTORTION MINIMIZED BUT EASTERN & WESTERN HEMISPHERES SEPARATED – THIS IS CALLED INTERRUPTION • MERIDIANS DON’T CONVERGE NORTH & SOUTH, LAT & LONG DON’T FORM RIGHT ANGLES • ROBINSON: DISPLAYS INFO ACROSS OCEANS WELL BUT LAND AREAS SMALLER THAN AN EQUAL AREA/HOMOLOSINE MAP AS A RESULT • MERCATOR: MINIMAL SHAPE DISTORTION, DIRECTION CONSISTENT, MAP RECTANGULAR BUT RELATIVE SIZE GROSSLY DISTORTED TOWARD THE POLES • CONIC:FOCUS OF MAP IS AREA WHERE CONE TOUCHES THE GLOBE; THERE’S LESS DISTORTION. THE FURTHER AWAY THE AREA ON YOUR MAP IS FROM THE LINE OF INTERSECTION THE MORE DISTORTIONADVANTAGES: GOOD FOR POLAR REGIONS, STANDARD MAP OF CANADA & AERONAUTICAL MAPS BECAUSE IT SHOWS LATITUDE IN THE FORM OF A CIRCLEDISADVANTAGES: NOT GOOD FOR DISPLAYING LARGE AREAS BECAUSE THE DISTORTION BECOMES GREATER THE FURTHER YOU MOVE FROM THE LINE WHERE THE CONE INTERSECTS THE GLOBE.

20. LOCATING POINTS ON EARTH • GEOGRAPHIC GRID • MERIDIAN, LONGITUDE • M. IS AN ARC DRAWN B/W N&S POLES • L. IS NUMBERING SYSTEM THAT IDENTIFIES LOCATION OF EACH MERIDIAN ON EARTH’S SURFACE • PARALLEL IS A CIRCLE DRAWN AROUNG THE GLOBE PARALLEL TO EQUATOR • LATITUDE IS NUMBERING SYSTEM USED TO INDICATE LOCATION OF A PARALLEL

21. GEOGRAPHIC GRID & TELLING TIME • EARTH DIVIDED INTO 360° OF LONGITUDE & AS EARTH TURNS ALL LINES OF LONG. PASS UNDER THE SUN • ONE TIME ZONE = 15° L. AND DIVIDE 360°/15° WE GET 24 TIME ZONES; 1 FOR EACH HOUR OF THE DAY • GREENWICH MEAN TIME (UT) IS MASTER REFERENCE TIME FOR ALL POINTS ON EARTH AT 0 LONGITUDE AKA PRIME MERIDIAN • INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE 180° LONGITUDE FOR THE MOST PART. • CLOCK MOVES BACK 24 HOURS OR 1 DAY IF HEADING WEST TOWARD AMERICA • MOVE 1 DAY FORWARD IF HEADING EAST TOWARD ASIA (FROM DATE LINE)

22. USING THE MAP BELOW COMPLETE THE WORKSHEET

23. FAST FIVE • NAME 2 TYPES OF MAP PROJECTION • LIST 1 DISADVANTAGE & 1 ADVANTAGE OF EACH OF THE 2 • WHAT IS THE INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE • HOW MANY TIME ZONES ARE THERE IN THE WORLD? • WHAT ARE 3 WAYS TO WRITE SCALE?

24. 5 THEMES OF GEO. • PLACE: NAME, SITE, SITUATION, • LOCATION: ABSOLUTE & RELATIVE • REGION: FORMAL, NODAL (FUNCTIONAL), VERNACULAR • MOVEMENT: PEOPLE, IDEAS, DISEASE, GOODS ETC. • HUMAN ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION

25. TOPONYM, SITE & SITUATION • PERSON, RELIGION, ORIGIN OF SETTLERS ETC. – NAME/TOPONYM • SITE: PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS • SITUATION: LOCATION OF A PLACE RELATIVE TO OTHER PLACES. FINDING AN UNFAMILIAR PLACE & UNDERSTANDING ITS IMPORTANCE • SHANGHAI – ALONG S. SIDE OF YANGTZE RIVER, SITUATION CRITICAL BECAUSE AT MOUTH OF YANGTZE WHICH FLOWS INTO E. CHINA SEA, LARGEST WORLD PORT

26. TYPES OF REGIONS • AN AREA OF EARTH DEFINED BY 1 OR MORE DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS • DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER DERIVED THROUGH CULTURAL LANDSCAPE OR REGIONAL STUDIES APPROACH • BEGAN IN FRANCE 19TH C. & ADOPTED BY AMERICANS, SAUER & PLATT. • GEOGRAPHERS SEEK TO IDENTIFY THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG COMBO OF CHARACTERISTICS THAT DEFINE REGION • FORMAL OR UNIFORM: SHARE IN 1 OR MORE COMMONALITIES SUCH AS LANGUAGE, CROP, CLIMATE. • MUST RECOGNIZE DIVERSITY WHEN MAKING GENERALIZATIONS • EXAMPLES:MONTANA, RED STATES, WHEAT BELT ETC.

27. VERNACULAR & FUNCTIONAL (NODAL) • PERCEPTUAL REGION AREA THAT PEOPLE BELIEVE EXISTS AS A PART OF THEIR CULTURAL ID; LITTLE ITALY, THE SOUTH ETC. • ECO, CULTURAL & ENVIRON-MENTAL FEATURES DISTINCT IN S. U.S • FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZED AROUND A NODE OR FOCAL POINT SO THE CHARACTERISTIC (AIRLINE HUB) THAT DEFINES A FUNCTIONAL REGION DOMINATES AT A CENTRAL FOCUS & DECLINES IN IMPORTANCE OUTWARD. • TRANSPORTATION, COMMUNI-CATION, ECONOMIC LOCUS, CELL SERVICE

28. REGIONS OF CULTURE • CULTURE: “BODY OF CUSTOMARY BELIEFS, MATERIAL TRAITS & SOCIAL FORMS THAT TOGETHER CONSTITUTE THE DISTINCT TRADITON OF A GROUP OF PEOPLE” – IT’S COMPLEX! • TO CARE ABOUT – ADORE, WORSHIP • TAKE CARE OF – NURSE, LOOK AFTER • ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT CULTURAL TRAITS COME FROM: LANGUAGE, RELIGION & ETHNICITY • THESE 3 ARE SUPERB WAYS OF IDENTIFYING LOCATION OF A CULTURE & MEANS BY WHICH THE VALUES OF THAT CULTURE ARE DISTRIBUTED THROUGHOUT WORLD Holi is a festival celebrated by Hindus around the world. Holi marks the beginning of spring, and is usually celebrated at the end of February or early March. Participants in a Holi festival often throw brightly colored powder and scented water at each other.

29. SPATIAL ASSOCIATION – CRANBERRY PRODUCTION IN THE US

31. CHECK IN • LOCATION IDENTIFIED THROUGH ? • 3 TYPES OF REGIONS? • CULTURE ENCOMPASSES WHAT PEOPLE CARE ABOUT & WHAT THEY TAKE CARE OF • SPATIAL ASSOCIATION: ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS: CLIMATE, SOIL, WATER, AVAILABLE LAND. GREEN AREAS CONSIDERED THE CRANBERRY REGION