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Electricity & Magnetism Lessons

Electricity & Magnetism Lessons. Presents:. 5th Grade Strand 5: Physical Science Standards Concept 3: Energy and Magnetism. Electricity Basics. Electricity is….. The flow of electrons The energy sent out by batteries and generators (current electricity)

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Electricity & Magnetism Lessons

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  1. Electricity & Magnetism Lessons Presents: 5th Grade Strand 5: Physical Science Standards Concept 3: Energy and Magnetism

  2. Electricity Basics Electricity is….. • The flow of electrons • The energy sent out by batteries and generators (current electricity) • The shock you can get from rubbing your feet on the carpet (static electricity) • A bolt of lightning! (static electricity)

  3. All Matter is Made up of Atoms MATTER (Diamond, coal) ELEMENT (Carbon, Oxygen) ATOM (particles)

  4. Atoms What is an Atom? • The smallest component in all things • Made up of three smaller particles • Protons (+) • Neutrons (no charge) • Electrons (-) • Strive for stability • Charged atom = ion

  5. Particles with opposite charges attract each other. _ _ + + Opposites Attract Attraction

  6. Stable atoms have equal protons and electron Stable atoms have no charge Free electrons will seek positively charged ions to create stability +++ --- +++ -- ++ --- Stable Atom Positive Ion Negative Ion Charged Atom (Ion)

  7. Static Electricity • The imbalance of positive and negative charges • Example: a build up of negative charges in a storm cloud will travel to the ground in the form of lightening

  8. + - + + - + - - + + - + + - - + - - Static Electricity • Start with a doorknob – no charge • Walk along carpet: strip electrons from carpet that collect in your body… You become negatively charged • Approach the doorknob and the positive charges move toward you. Negative charges move away. - - - - - - -

  9. + - - + - + - + + - - + - - - - Static Electricity • When close enough, the electrons will jump toward the positive doorknob and ZAP! You’ve been shocked by static electricity. - - - - - - -

  10. + - + - - + - - - - Static Electricity • When close enough, the electrons will jump toward the positive doorknob and ZAP! You’ve been shocked by static electricity. • Now you and the doorknob have the same charge. + + + +

  11. Electricity & Ben Franklin Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) • 1740’s – Proposed the notion of positive and negative charges maintain a balance except when influenced by some means. • 1752 – Famous kite experiments identify lightning as a form of electrical discharge.

  12. Current Electricity • Electric current is the movement of free electrons from atom to atom • To start the free electrons moving an electromotive force is needed. • Generator • Batteries

  13. Voltage and Current

  14. What is an Atom? • The smallest component in all things • Made up of three smaller particles • Protons (+) • Neutrons (no charge) • Electrons (-) • Free electrons search for positively charged ions • The flow of electrons is electric current

  15. Voltage & Current • Voltage • Electric potential difference between two points • Pushes electrons • Measured in Volts • Comes from batteries, electric outlets, generators • Current • Flow of electrons • Measured in Amps • 1 amp = 6,240,000,000,000,000 electrons moving past a point every second

  16. Pressure Pressure Voltage is like Pressure • Higher voltage pushes electrons to move faster (higher current) • Higher pressure pushes water to flow faster • You can have pressure without flow • You can have voltage without current

  17. Flow Flow Current is like water flow • Flow of water is similar to flow of electrons • The pressure (voltage) determines how fast the water (electrons) move through the pipe (wire) • There is no current without voltage

  18. How Do You Get Electricity?

  19. Conductors and Insulators

  20. Conductors • Materials that pass electricity easily • Examples: • Copper • Silver • Gold • Aluminum • Most metals

  21. Insulators • Materials that resist electricity flow • Examples: • Wood • Rubber • Porcelain • Glass • Air • Cloth • Paper

  22. Electricity & Thomas Edison Thomas Edison (1847-1931) • 1870’s – invented the first commercially practical incandescent light with a carbon filament. • 1880 – Edison founded the Edison Electric Illuminating Company the first electric utility in New York City.

  23. Circuits:Series and Parallel

  24. What is a circuit? • A circuit is a conductor path for electric current to travel through. • Current will flow only if the path is a complete loop from negative to positive

  25. What makes a simple circuit? • A simple circuit consists of: • A source - battery or generator • Conductors (path for current to flow) • An electric resistor or electric load - light bulb or an electromagnet

  26. Series Circuit • In Thomas Edison’s day, most lights were connected in series (one after another) • Christmas tree lights are sometimes connected in series • What happens if we add another light bulb?

  27. Series Circuit – Adding bulbs • Do the bulbs get brighter or dimmer? • Why would they change? • What if we add a million light bulbs?

  28. Parallel Circuit • By making a loop for each bulb we can make a parallel circuit • What are the benefits? • What happens if we add another bulb?

  29. Parallel Circuit – Adding bulbs • Will the brightness of the bulbs change? • Why or why not? • What if we add a million bulbs?

  30. Questions to Ponder • What would life be like without electricity? • Are the electrical outlets in your house installed in series or parallel? • Can you think of an example of a series circuit in real life?

  31. What is Magnetism? • Any material that attracts ferromagnetic materials including iron, steel, cobalt and nickel • Can be permanent or temporary

  32. Magnetism Basics Only Certain Types of Materials Exhibit Magnetism N S • Magnets can be made in a variety of shapes, but all magnets have 2 poles • Opposite poles attract • Like poles repel All magnets have lines of force extending from one pole to the other in the 3 dimensional space around them

  33. Magnetic Field Magnetic lines do not cross each other. The lines go from North to South on the magnet. Magnetic Lines of Flux N magnet S

  34. N S N S Pulling Magnets Attracting Each Other

  35. N S N S Pushing Apart Magnets Opposing Each Other

  36. The Earth is a Magnet

  37. What are the characteristics? • North and south poles • “di”-poles • Break the magnet in half and you will have two separate magnets • 3 dimensional field of attraction • Transfer magnetic properties

  38. Uses for Magnets in Everyday Life • Cars • Power locks • Homes • Door bells • Microwaves • TV’s • Refrigerators • Earrings • Electricity • Schools • Whiteboard Magnets

  39. References • www.srpnet.com/education • www.ieee.org • http://teacher.scholastic.com/dirt/circuits/whatcirc.htm • www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnets • www.creativekidsathome.com/science/magnetexp.html • www.howstuffworks.com • www.eia.doe.gov/kids/glossary

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