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Jeffersonian America

Jeffersonian America. I. An agrarian republic. Rejection of federalism Institutes for a landed democracy Borrowing from the Federalists’ playbook. A. Rejection of federalism. 1 st Inaugural - critique of Federalists 2. Vowed return to “contract” nationalism.

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Jeffersonian America

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  1. Jeffersonian America

  2. I. An agrarian republic • Rejection of federalism • Institutes for a landed democracy • Borrowing from the Federalists’ playbook

  3. A. Rejection of federalism • 1st Inaugural - critique of Federalists 2. Vowed return to “contract” nationalism

  4. 3. Allowed Alien / Sedition acts to expire 4. shortens naturalization 5. embraces opposition party 6. “Wise and frugal government” - support state govts. - pay debts

  5. B. Early National Period, 1800-28 • Republicans in White House next 23 years- Federalists disappear • Republican coalition- southern planters- backcountry farmers (the west)- mechanics and artisans

  6. II. Institutes for a Landed Democracy Why a “landed” democracy- yeoman farmers Creating a “rational” landscape Republican virtue Cato the Elder

  7. A. Land Ordinance of 1785 • Rectangular townships> sections 2. make land affordable 3. proceeds go to govt. Educationsection 16

  8. B. Northwest Ordinance of 1787 • New states on par w/ originals- Congressional Gov- 5,000 voters, territorial legislature- 60,000 voters, apply for admission- all rights of citizenship apply • Banned slavery

  9. 3. Impending controversy- sectionalism

  10. III. Stealing ideas from the Federalists National expansion, war

  11. A. The Louisiana Purchase Jefferson’s need to build agrarian republic… …while recognizing necessity to expand federal power

  12. Pinckney Treaty, 1795 • Napoleon, Master of Europe- new French Empire?- reacquires Louisiana Territory

  13. 3. Touissant L’Overture- Saint-Domingue - 1804, Haitian Independence

  14. 4. Loose v. Strict construction

  15. B. Corps of Discovery • Voyage had been pre-plannedLewis & Clark 2. “Enlightened” discovery 3. Expand Americaninfluence

  16. C. Marbury v. Madison, 1803 • Tension between Republicans, Federalist judges • Principle of “judicial review” Chief Justice John Marshall

  17. D. Economic policy • Radical budget cuts- slash bureacracy / army- no internal taxes- free trade • Revenue from western lands Economic growth tied to geographic expansion Albert Gallatin

  18. Republicans adopt loose construction • “fast & loose” w/ sovereignty issues • Activist federal government

  19. IV. Westward Expansion & Social Stress Population Growth Slavery in the Early Republic

  20. A. Population growth • 1st “baby boom”- TN, KY, OH, MO • Regional tension- West growing faster than East

  21. B. The “wild” West • Agrarian dreams deferred- geography inhibited prosperity • Localized economies- boom & bust

  22. 3. Early communities mostly men- diverse river towns 4. Myth of “rugged individualism”

  23. C. The Problem of Race • Eli Whitney, cotton gin • Cotton provides stability

  24. 4. Notes on the State of Virginia, 1781- limits of Enlightenment / republican thought- rejected Benjamin Banneker 5. Majority of African-Americans remained slaves

  25. D. Free blacks in a slave society • 1790s = #s increase- met with resentment throughout America • Independent institutions- Richard Allen, AME Church (1816)- magazine; college

  26. E. Native America • Jefferson not sure about inferiority “noble savages” • Survival strategies • Segregation

  27. Dark side of democracy? American people not ready to live up to ideals of the Enlightenment

  28. War of 1812 “Second War for Independence”

  29. A. Continuing tensions • U.S. caught in Anglo-French Wars - Federalists preferred diplomacy • 1803-1812, Republicans more hostile(Jefferson, James Madison)

  30. 3. 1806 – Orders in Council Impressment 4. Motives for war?- not in New England 5. Embargo Act, 1807

  31. B. pro-War West & South • British presence in Old Northwest 2. Tecumseh- alliance of northern, southern tribes- Battle of Tippecanoe (1811)- militarizes U.S. Tecumseh

  32. C. War Hawks • pro-war, strong govt. Republicans Henry Clay John C. Calhoun

  33. 2. Pressure James Madison into war 3. Goals - drive Brits out of Old NW - subdue Native Americans - conquer Canada

  34. D. Near disaster • Failed Canadian campaigns, 1812, 1814 2. the West - Great Lakes - War on Indians Battle of Lake Eerie Andrew Jackson

  35. 3. D.C. burned, Aug 1814 4. . The Hartford Convention, - “nullification

  36. 5. Treaty of Ghent, 1814 - Battle of New Orleans, Jan 1815

  37. E. Legacy of the war • American confidence / Brit withdrawal • “Indian removal” and politics • Demise of the Federalists- “Era of Good Feelings”

  38. 4. Population explosion- 1790: 95% live in Atlantic states- 1820: 25% lived west of Appalachians Land Act of 1820 – lowered price of land Ohio River Valley “Black Belt” Alabama/Mississippi

  39. 5. Industrial Revolution in America

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