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1QQ # 4: Answer one.

1QQ # 4: Answer one. Starting with a drop in blood pressure, diagram the sequence of events that begins with the secretion of renin and ends with responses that act to restore blood pressure toward normal.

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1QQ # 4: Answer one.

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  1. 1QQ # 4: Answer one. • Starting with a drop in blood pressure, diagram the sequence of events that begins with the secretion of renin and ends with responses that act to restore blood pressure toward normal. • A) What gland is the source of Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone? B) What are the target cells of TRH? C) How does TRH get to its target cells (be specific.) D) What do the target cells of TRH do when stimulated by TRH? E) How is the secretion of TRH affected as the concentration of T4 increases?

  2. Thyroid Gland S1 • TH =T3 and T4 Fenestrated Capillary (typical of endocrine glands)

  3. S2 Synthesis, Storage and Secretion of T3 and T4Roles of TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) Tropic: directs controls, regulates Trophic: growth TH increases cell metabolism & heat production (BMR)

  4. Who Cares?

  5. TRH TSH T3 & T4 S 4 EndemicGoiter • Symptoms of hypothyroidism • Levels of TSH and TH? • Explain enlarged thyroid gland • Cause: Inadequate dietary intake of iodine • Treatment? Goiter Elevates basal metabolic rate,potentiates response to EPI If hypothyroid during pregnancy…cretinism = congenital hypothyroidism

  6. Who else Cares?

  7. Aunt Dot S 5

  8. ⇩ ⇩ The cause: Abnormal Immunoglobulins in patient activate TSH receptors on Thyroid cells ⇧Metabolic rate ⇧sensitivity to EPI (up-regulation of adrenergic receptors) ⇧Temperature ⇧Heart rate and ⇧Blood Pressure Grave’s Disease S 6 Blood test:TSH levels low TH levels high TRH from Hypothal. TSH from Ant. Pit. T3 and T4 from Thyroid gland ⇧Lipolysis and fuel mobilization Weight loss

  9. Grave’s Disease S 7 Treatment: Radioactive Iodine Mechanism:……..

  10. STRESS Cytokines fromimmune cells CRH from Hypothalamus ACTH from Ant. Pit Mobilize fuel from muscle & adipose tissueSuppress non-essential functions (reproduction & growth)Suppress inflammatory &immune responsesPotentiates response to EPI (vascular smooth muscle) S 8 Physical traumaProlonged exposure to coldProlonged intense exerciseInfectionSleep deprivationPainFrightEmotional distress Vasopressin Basal levels of Cortisol Required for normal sensitivity to EPI; symptoms of excess cortisol are….. Clinical example: treatment of chronic inflammation (e.g. arthritis) can lead to Cushing’s Syndrome! ⇧Cortisol secretion from Adrenal Cortex Cushing’s Syndrome Excess Cortisol from 1) adrenal cortex tumor (primary) or 2) hypersecretion of ACTH from anterior pituitary (secondary)

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