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Emergence

Emergence. Is AI intelligent like us? Or are we only as intelligent as AI?. What the… ?. Artificial Intelligence can exhibit emergence Human intelligence displays emergent characteristics Emergence regarding AI and human intelligence: two way street. Umm… Mike…. What’s emergence?.

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Emergence

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  1. Emergence Is AI intelligent like us? Or are we only as intelligent as AI?

  2. What the… ? • Artificial Intelligence can exhibit emergence • Human intelligence displays emergent characteristics • Emergence regarding AI and human intelligence: two way street

  3. Umm… Mike… What’s emergence?

  4. Webster.com says… • Emergence: the act or an instance of emerging • Thanks a lot Webster. • Emerging/Emerge: • to become manifest • to rise from an obscure or inferior position or condition • to come into being through evolution

  5. Operational Definition • The appearance of that which is greater than the sum of its parts. • E.G. – Human Intelligence from artificial intelligence • Artificial intelligence: set in algorithms • Human Intelligence: capable of transcending algorithms

  6. Algorithm • A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or accomplishing some end, especially by a computer • For our purposes: structured procedure taken by a thought process

  7. Algorithm • Human intelligence and artificial intelligence can work similarly in algorithms • Human intelligence transcends algorithms • AI does not necessarily transcend its given structure

  8. Two Way Street • Emergence from AI could say one of the following: • 1. Artificial intelligence has attained a uniquely human attribute. • 2. Human intelligence is possibly nothing more than extended artificial intelligence. • 3. Emergence is intrinsic to both forms of intelligence.

  9. What that means • Two distinct areas of intelligence: “within” and “capable of beyond” algorithms • For AI to become HI, need emergence to break free from algorithm

  10. Emergence Test • Design • Observation Capcarrère, M., Ronald, E. & Sipper, M. (1999). Design, observation, surprise! A test of emergence. Artificial Life, 5(3), 225-239.

  11. SURPRISE!

  12. http://www.webalice.it/anna.nardella/ant.html

  13. http://www.pandorabots.com/pandora/talk?botid=f5d922d97e345aa1http://www.pandorabots.com/pandora/talk?botid=f5d922d97e345aa1

  14. Conclusions • AI and HI are different: algorithms! • Emergence bridges AI and HI • Emergence implies one of the following: • AI has gained a uniquely human attribute • HI is simply an extended AI attribute • Emergence is intrinsic to both AI and HI

  15. References • Capcarrère, M., Ronald, E. & Sipper, M. (1999). Design, observation, surprise! A test of emergence. Artificial Life, 5(3), 225-239. • Collins, H.M. (1993). The structure of knowledge. Social Research, 60(1), 95-116. • http://www.webster.com • http://www.webalice.it/anna.nardella/ant.html • Rapaport, W.J. (1998). How minds can be computational systems. Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 10(4), 403-419. • Spivey, M.J. (2000). Turning the tables on the Turing test: the Spivey test. Connection Science, 12(1), 91-94. • Stewart, I. (1994). The ultimate in anty-particles. Scientific American, 271, 104-107.

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