Wireless Electricity Transmission

1. Wireless Electricity Transmission Nikola Tesla

3. HISTORY • Wireless technology goes back to Tesla's experiments in Colorado in the early 1900s. • His name is Nikola Tesla(1856-1943) also called The Father of Wireless Electricity. • His inventions include high-frequency generators, Tesla coil and a transformer with important applications in the field of radio communications.

4. To power our mobile which ends devices we buy: as: • 40 billion disposable batteries per year

5. And we use: which sometimes ends as:

6. And that’s why ,

7. The problem: • In our present electricity generation system we waste more than half of its resources • The transmission and distribution losses are the main concern of the present power technology • The transmission and distribution system causes a loss of 26% to 30 % of the energy generated • The solution: • The transmission of power and electricity without wires is one noble alternative for electricity transmission , which is called WIRELESS ELECTRICITY

8. WHAT IS WI-TRICITY? • Wireless transmission of electricity is a process where electrical energy is transmitted from a power source to an electrical load without interconnected wires. • Moving electricity along distances without wires • Magnetic loop antennas • Electromagnetic-near field • Consist of witricity transmitters and recievers

9. Basics of wi-tricity

10. Its basic principle: • The basic principle involved in wi-tricity concept is ,two objects having same resonating frequency and in Magnetic resonance at Strongly coupled regime tend to exchange energy , while dissipating relatively little energy to the extraneous off-resonant objects.

11. METHODS USED FOR WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION: • Inductive coupling – very short distance transmission • Evanescant wave coupling – moderate distance transmission(resonant induction) • Microwave power transmission theory (MPT) – long distance transmission

12. INDUCTIVE COUPLING: • It is the first method used for power transfer • Here a transfer of energy takes place by electromagnetic coupling through a process called mutual induction. Example; in transformer • This method works only when receiver is in close proximity to the transmitter • The primary and secondary circuits are electrically isolated from each other. • The main drawback of this method is the short range • A larger, stronger field can be used for energy transfer over long distance, but this process is extremely inefficient. Since magnetic field spreads in all direction, making a large wastage of energy. • Applications: electric toothbrush ; electromagnetic card reader;

13. EVANESCENT WAVE COUPLING • It basically extends the principle of magnetic induction to mid-range applications up to a few meters. The main difference is the use of resonance; if sender and receiver have the same magnetic resonance frequency, energy can efficiently be transported, while losses to the non-resonant environment are small. • Using resonance, for the same geometry, power can be transported approximately 106 times more efficiently than without resonance. • EWC function on the concept that if you make two resonant objects of same resonant frequency tend to exchange energy efficiently , while interacting weakly with extraneous off-resonant objects • Transmission range for this method is nearly 5-10 meters. • Its efficiency is about 40%-50% over 2 meters.

14. MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION THEORY; MPT called solar power satellite to be build in high earth orbit to collect sunlight and convert that energy into microwaves , then beamed to a very large antenna on earth , the microwaves would be converted into conventional electrical power with the help of rectenna.

15. Efficiency comparison - Efficiency as high as 97 to 98% have been achieved by MPT.- Efficiency of about 57 to 60% have been achieved by EWC transmission

16. Advantages of wi-tricity:1-reduction of e-waste.2-Low Cost - The entire system is designed with discrete components that are readily available. No special parts or custom order parts were necessary for the design. Thus we were able to keep the cost of the entire system very low.3- No radiative power transfer.4-There is no need for transmission lines.5-health and environmental experiments claim that wireless transmission electricity is safe .6- magnetic fields are safe for humans and animals.7-Witricity systems are designed to meet int’l safety guidelines.

17. Mutual Inductance • When an emf is produced in a coil because of the change in current in acoupled coil , the effect is called mutual inductance. The emf is described by Faraday's law and it's direction is always opposed the change in the magnetic field produced in it by the coupled coil (Lenz's law ). The induced emf in coil 1 is due to self inductance L. • The induced emf in coil #2 caused by the change in current I1 can be expressed as

18. Disadvantages of witricity:- The size of rectenna will be massive- Efficiency is only about 40%- Wireless power transmission can be possible only in few mseters.-Retrofitting old equipment or purchasing new equipment could become a very expensive attempt.

19. Future with wireless electricity: • More convenient • More reliable • Environmental friendly

20. Supervised by Samar Hanna

21. Mohammad Hammoud Mustapha Yassine George Chalhoub Nour Zalzali