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CLINICAL RESEARCH UNIT

CLINICAL RESEARCH UNIT. Health Sciences and Nutrition.

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CLINICAL RESEARCH UNIT

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  1. CLINICAL RESEARCH UNIT Health Sciences and Nutrition

  2. Project goalsPursue excellence and diversity in the management of human intervention trials►knowledge of relevant and emerging biomarkers ►indications for human interventions ►ethics issues ►trial design ►trial management according to Good Clinical Practice ►data analysis/ interpretation/ publication

  3. Research AreasFUNCTIONAL FOODS►Evaluation of foods/food components/supplements OBESITY►Defining the optimal macronutrient mix for the management of weight loss to maximise CVD risk reduction using current and novel cardiovascular biomarkers in at risk groups BOWEL HEALTH ►Collaboration with GI group and others by provision of clinical component to key research areas

  4. Functional or Fictional? MEDICINAL TONICS the word "tonic" is used in the place of the word "bitters" or "cure" – i.e. a "Fever & Ague Tonic" instead of "Fever & Ague Cure".

  5. Heart Benefit Foods • The global market is currently worth $3.4 billion and is forecast to reach $4.7 billion by 2005 Leatherhead Food RA. • Product Trends • cholesterol reduction • circulatory health • anti-hypertensive foods and drinks

  6. Plant Sterols • lower LDL cholesterol by~10% by inhibiting cholesterol absorption in the intestine. • Validated by many RCTs • Present in diet (200 - 400 mg / d) in small amounts in vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, legumes. • Need 1.5-2g for efficacy. • 2500 tonnes oil needed for 1 tonne plant sterols

  7. LDL-Cholesterol Low sat fat diet 5  12%  18.3%  16.5% 4.5 4 mmol/L 3.5 3 Sterol-free Sterol-ester Stanol-ester baseline Noakes & Clifton 1999

  8. Global Trends Leading causes of death/disability in 2020: • Coronary heart disease • Obesity • Diabetes • Depression • Traffic accidents • Cerebro vascular disease (stroke, dementia)

  9. Global Trends - Obesity

  10. CLINICAL RESEARCH UNITOBESITY/CVD►Defining the optimal nutrient mix for the management of weight loss to maximise CVD risk reduction and diabetes prevention using current and novel cardiovascular biomarkers in at risk groups. Diets - high protein - high carb diets- high unsat fat - very low fat- ketogenic At risk groups - Type 2 diabetes - Syndrome X- Abdominal obesity - PCOS- Elevated insulin This is “PUBLIC GOOD” research which will assist development of evidence-based dietary recommendations

  11. CSIRO STUDYAims In Type 2 Diabetes: To determine the effect of replacing dietary protein for carbohydrate on : • body composition following weight loss • fasting and postprandial glucose and insulin levels in energy restriction and energy balance • plasma lipids Parker B, Noakes M, Luscombe N, Clifton P. Diabetes Care. 2002 Mar;25(3):425-30

  12. Weight Loss 105 time effect p<0.001 100 5.7% 95 LP 90 HP kg 85 5.2% 80 75 0 4 8 12 Weeks

  13. Summary of Resultsdietary protein effects • Total fat mass significantly decreased in women on HP diet (12.4%) • Abdominal fat mass significantly decreased in women on HP diet (12%) • Significant decrease in LDL cholesterol levels on HP diet (5.7%)

  14. Market Influences • Attitudes Toward Self-Care/Self-Treatment • Age • Baby-Boomers • Youth Market • Aging Process • Gender • Busy Lifestyles • Sports Nutrition • Price/Income • Special Marketing Strategies • Changing Tastes • Massive rise in healthcare costs • Research/Clinical Studies

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