LAHORE the heart of Pakistan

1. LAHOREthe heart of Pakistan City District Government Lahore 13th to 15th December 2004

2. Background

5. Climate

6. Major Environmental Concerns Air Pollution Water Contamination Solid Waste Disposal Hazardous Waste Disposal Noise Pollution Municipal Sewerage Waste Disposal

7. Main Sources ofAir Pollution

8. Vehicular Emissions Main Sources ofAir Pollution

9. Burning of Municipal Solid Waste Main Sources ofAir Pollution

10. Cottage/ Major Industrial Pollution Main Sources ofAir Pollution

11. Air Monitoring Data of Lahore March 2001 Based on 24 Hour Monitoring Source: EPA Punjab

12. Air Monitoring Data of Lahore, October 2004 Source: EPA Punjab

13. Air Quality Monitoring • One Air Quality Monitoring Lab (Mobile) is available with the Punjab EPA. • Lack of Air Monitoring Equipment • No readily available data for the Air Quality • Most of the assessments are made on visual assessments • Winters are worse when smog and fog engulfs the city.

14. Effects of Air Pollution Health Problems Bronchial Irritation Heart Problems Anemia Asthma Eye Irritation Reparatory Diseases Serious consequences relation to new born and unborn babies.

15. Awareness • Lack of Awareness about the Environmental issues in general as well as the adverse affects of poor Air Quality and the Remedial measures amongst: • General Public • Politicians • Vehicle Operators • Managers • This Non- Awareness especially pertains to the Air Pollutants i.e. PM10, SO2, CO, NOx. • Absence of permanent monitoring facilities.

16. Political Will • Lack of Political Will: • For the Enforcement of the Environmental Law • For the Sustainable Policy on the Environment • For Environment Friendly Projects • For priority based budgetary allocations to the Environment sector

17. Sustainable Development • More priority on the Infrastructure Development • Less or NO priority to the Sustainable Development Policies • No Environmental Impact Assessment for the major projects

18. Vehicular Problem/ Pollution • Lack of proper Transport Policy • Weak coordination mechanism between various stake holders associated with Transport • Transport Policy/ guidelines which are not Environment friendly • One nuisance replaces another nuisance • Tonga/ Horse carts were replaced by Motorcycle rickshaws which have brought more nuisance and air pollution to the city. Motor-cycle Rickshaw- Bigger Nuisance

19. Motor-cycle Rickshaw- Bigger Nuisance Two Stroke Rickshaws are major source of Vehicular Air Pollution

20. Transport Policy: Motorcycle and Auto- Rickshaws are the most Polluting and Unsafe

21. More Traffic on the Roads and still NO PLANNING OR PROPER POLICY

22. Two Stroke Vehicles • Major source of Vehicular Air Pollution • No Policy to check the emission of Two stroke vehicles • No equipment for the annual passing of the two stroke vehicles • No investment has gone into the fresh research of the two stroke manufacturers • Local Manufacturers of Two stroke rickshaws rely on old and obsolete technology.

23. Policy for Aging Vehicles • No clear cut policy for the elimination of aging transport • Commuter Wagons and Buses over 20 years are still plying on the city roads

24. Vehicle Inspection and Maintenance Programs • Vehicles still don’t meet environmental standards even in the presence of Motor Vehicle Examiners (MVEs). • No update of the knowledge • Lack of Vehicle Emission Testing Equipment

25. Increase in Vehicles • On average 10,000 vehicles are being registered • every Month • Leasing Companies and Banks have played a major • role in the un-precedented increase in the vehicles

26. Urbanization of the City • No Master Plan of the City in place. • Lack of land use planning leading to Haphazard urbanization • No Environmental Impacts Assessment for any housing scheme • Ill- planned commercial Centers • Non-sustainable policies

27. Monument and Building Degradation Badshahi Mosque under threat from the air pollution

28. Poor Support from the Civil Society • There is little or no support from the NGOs or Private/ Civil Societies • Public Pressure is not present • Public interest is lacking

29. Legal Problems • Due to lack of Standards proper implementation under PEPA 1997 is lacking • PEPA-1997 at this stage is not affective • Air Quality Standards not in place • Action is being taken under section 61 of the Punjab Local Government Ordinance 2001 • On few occasions cases under Pakistan Penal Code has also been registered with the Police. • No legislation for Motors • No dedicated courts

30. Pakistan Environment Protection Act 1997 The powers of the Act have not been delegated to the District level hence the whole procedure takes longer time. Environment Tribunal has been working but without the proper NEQS & Rules, no case has been decided as yet. Implementation of the Act and remedial measures take too long.

31. Punjab Local Government Ordinance 2001 • Section 61 states “Damaging or polluting physical environment, inside or outside private or public premises, in a manner to endanger public health”. • One month imprisonment and fine of up to Rs. 5,000 fine. • In the last two years, fine of over Rs.3.5 lacs has been collected from the polluting industry.

32. Implementation • Getting any Environmental law implemented is the major hurdle for any remedial measures • In the absence of the Magistracy, Police has to play a role of implementation agency BUT No commitment has yet been shown by the police in any environmental field

33. Budgetary Priorities • Very less priority is given to the Environmental field in the financial sector • Few environment related projects are given funds

34. Promotion of CNG • Over 85 stations have been given NOC in the last three years • CNG is in demand due to economic benefits. • Lack of policy guidelines from the Government.

35. City Government’s Response to the Problems- Steps Taken • Road Infrastructure • Introduction of Urban Franchised System • Raids at petrol Stations to check adulteration of both Oil and Petrol. • Periodic Campaigns against smoke emitting vehicles • Setting deadline for the banning of manufacturing of Two Stroke TOWN HALL

36. Way Forward • Installation of Air Monitoring Station • Air Quality Standards to be prescribed • Monitoring on regular basis • Proper Land use planning • Sustainable Urban Transport Planning • Stringent environmental Law to be promulgated • Dedicated staff and Courts for deterring the punishments and Fines.

37. …contd. • VEHICLES • Gradual induction of CNG buses • No new registration of two stroke engine vehicles • Roadworthy certificate mandatory for all vehicles • Stringent actions against smoke emitting vehicles • Introduction of FOUR stroke three wheelers • FUELS • Fuel Quality monitoring/ surveillance • Regular and stringent checking of petrol pumps for adulteration. • Campaign to promote CNG as an environmental friendly fuel • Introduction of low sulphur diesel.

38. Way Forward………………… • IMPROVED INFRASTRUCTURE • Better network of roads and maintenance of damaged and unpaved roads • Improvement in existing traffic engineering and planning • Plantation of trees and green belts • Public Private Partnership in Air Quality Management • Health Impact Studies • Comprehensive source apportionment studies • Strengthening technical and institutional capacity • Strengthening Air Quality Monitoring, Data Management and Analysis • Improve understanding of Emission Sources. • Proper Legislation/ rules and Standards.

39. CAMPAIGNS FOR A GREENER LAHORE • Strict action against the burning of the Solid Waste • Strict action against Smoke Emitting Vehicles • Strict action against adulteration of Mobil oil. • Action against polluting Brick Kilns

40. THANK YOU!