War in the Pacific

1. War in the Pacific Chapter 17, Section 3

2. Japanese Advances • Japan advances to Pacific Islands • December 1941 – Japan invades the Philippines US forced to retreat • General Douglas MacArthur commander of Allied forces in the Pacific

4. Battle of the Coral Sea • May 1942 • 5 Day battle to stop Japan from advancing to Australia • All fighting done with airplanes taking off from aircraft carriers • First time Japanese invasion had been stopped and turned back.

5. Battle of Midway • Midway – strategic island northwest of Hawaii • Americans cracked Japanese code and knew of Midway attack in advance • Americans led surprise attack on Japanese fleet headed to Midway • Turning point in the Pacific War • Allies start Island Hopping

6. Battle of Midway

7. Allies Move Forward • Island Hopping – Allies’ strategy of moving towards Japan by invading and conquering one island at a time.

8. Japanese Defense • Kamikaze – suicide-plane attacks • Americans watched with a “strange mixture of respect and pity”

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11. Iwo Jima • March 1945 • Iwo Jima would be a critical base for the US to arm bomber planes that could reach Japan. • Japanese troops dug in deep in the caves of the island • Americans lost 6,000 marines • Of the 20,700 Japanese, 200 survived

12. Iwo Jima

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14. Okinawa • April 1945 • Okinawa was the last major stand-off for the Japanese • Foreshadowed what an invasion of Japan’s home islands would be • Prediction of over 1.5 million Allied lives lost in an invasion of Japan

15. Okinawa

16. Manhattan Project • Robert Oppenheimer – developer of Atomic Bomb • July 16, 1945 – 1st testing of the Atomic Bomb • Truman saw it as a military weapon to end a war with the fewest American casualties

17. Little Boy • Aug 9, 1945 – Little Boy dropped Hiroshima • Important Japanese military center • Flattened city in 43 seconds

18. Fat Man • August 9, 1945 – Fat Man dropped on Nagasaki

19. As the bomb fell over Hiroshima and exploded, we saw an entire city disappear. I wrote in my log the words: “My God, what have we done?” -Capt. Robert Lewis, US Army Air Corps

20. V-J Day • September 2, 1945 – Japan surrenders on the US Battleship Missouri in Tokyo Bay • V-J Day – Victory in Japan Day

21. Rebuilding • Yalta Conference • February 1945 – Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin meet in Yalta • “Big Three” • Divided Germany into occupied zones • Stalin agrees to join war against Japan.

22. The Big Three

23. Rebuilding • Nuremberg Trials • Top German officials go on trial for war crimes • 12 are executed, 12 are imprisoned • Established principle: Individuals responsible for own actions, even in times of war. Can’t say “I was only following orders.”

24. Nuremburg Trials

25. Rebuilding • Japan occupied for 7 years • General MacArthur oversaw re-building and writing of a new constitution • Women Suffrage • Basic Freedoms guaranteed

26. Dropping the Bomb

27. World War II on The Home Front Chapter 17 Section 4

28. Pop Culture Andrew Sisters – Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy

29. Economic Gains • US emerges as dominant economic and military power in the world • Unemployment falls to 1.2 % in 1944 • Women gained entry into jobs

30. Population Shifts • Mass movement of African Americans out of the South • Towns with defense industries saw populations double and triple almost overnight

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32. Social Adjustments • Mothers struggle to raise children alone • GI Bill – Servicemen's Readjustment Act • Provided education and training for veterans paid for by the government • Federal loan guarantees to veterans to buy homes, farms, or businesses

33. Civil Rights Protests • African American workers increased, so did their expectation of fair treatment • 1942 – James Farmer founds CORE • Congress on Racial Equality • 1943 – Racial violence sweeps through the country, Detroit, MI • Three day riot over racial tensions • Roosevelt sends federal troops to end conflict

34. Tensions in Los Angeles • Mexican Americans experienced tensions • “Zoot Suit” Riots – Summer 1943 • Riots between sailors and Mexican Americans

35. Internment of Japanese Americans • Fear and uncertainty caused prejudice against Japanese Americans • Internment – confinement of Japanese Americans into government camps • Feb 19, 1942 – Roosevelt signs order removing Japanese Americans from CA, WA, OR, and AZ • About 2/3rds were Nisei, or Japanese people born in this country of parents who emigrated from Japan

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40. Financing the War • Paying for the war was a concern • Higher taxes paid for 41% of the increased spending • The government started Deficit spending (spending of borrowed money)

41. Financing the War • The government borrowed money • Banks • Investors • War Bonds

42. War Bonds Promotion

43. Patriots • Many Americans got personally involved in the war effort by participating in activities • Recycling • Conservation • “Victory Gardens”- grew food to make up for the food sent to the soldiers

44. jeopardylabs.com/play/enter-title60771 • Play • jeopardylabs.com/edit/enter-title60771 • edit