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Hormones That Affect Metabolism

Hormones That Affect Metabolism. Glands & Metabolism. Metabolism is the sum of the chemical reactions required to live. Metabolism (metabolic rate) is affected by the thyroid, parathyroids and anterior pituitary gland. The thyroid gland is situated just below the larynx.

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Hormones That Affect Metabolism

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  1. Hormones That Affect Metabolism

  2. Glands & Metabolism • Metabolism is the sum of the chemical reactions required to live. • Metabolism (metabolic rate) is affected by the thyroid, parathyroids and anterior pituitary gland. • The thyroid gland is situated just below the larynx. • The parathyroid glands sit on the thyroid. • The pituitary gland is situated just below the hypothalamus.

  3. The Thyroid Gland • The thyroid is located just below the larynx and it secretes the hormone thyroxine. • Thyroxine aids in the oxidation (breakdown) of sugar and nutrients in the body. • People that produce ample amounts of thyroxine usually can eat a lot of food without gaining any weight because it is broken down very quickly. • People that have hypothyroidism are the opposite…they have low levels of thyroxine and because of this they do not oxidize nutrients fast enough and they gain weight quickly.

  4. Controlling the Thyroid • The thyroid is brought into action by a negative feedback system which involves the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. • Low Metabolic Rate… • Detected by the hypothalamus – it releases thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH) which goes to the pituitary. • Pituitary receives TRH and produces thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) which goes into blood to get to thyroid gland. • Upon receiving TSH, the thyroid gland secretes thyroxine which raises metabolic rate.

  5. The Parathyroid Glands • The parathyroids are four smaller glands found within the thyroid gland. • Their control/action is not under the influence of the nervous or endocrine systems – the parathyroids respond directly to changes in their immediate surroundings. • The parathyroids produce parathyroid hormone (PTH) which raises the levels of calcium in the blood.

  6. Growth Hormone • Growth hormone (somatotropin) is made and released by the anterior pituitary. • Growth hormone… • Growth hormone causes tissues to increase in number and/or size. In muscles, the cells increase in size by promoting protein synthesis and inhibiting protein breakdown. In bones, the cells elongate and the skeleton lengthens. • The growth hormone also promotes the breakdown of fats into fatty acids which can actually replace glucose as the primary fuel. Glucose builds up in the blood – good for the brain – while the fatty acids provide a ton of energy for growth. (This is why you often see a loss of fat accompanying a growth spurt.) • Too much or too little during childhood can result in dwarfism or gigantism.

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