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Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) Prevention. Can you solve this puzzle?.
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Can you solve this puzzle? • A man is trapped in a room which is completely bare except for a fire alarm which could have been used to draw attention to his plight if it were not for the fact that the fire alarm’s cable had been cut leaving two lengths of cable dangling from the ceiling. If he can bring the ends of the cables together, he could repair the connection and raise the alarm. Unfortunately, the cables are situated so that he cannot reach one cable while still holding the other. He only has the resources you would normally expect to find in a pocket. How does he solve the problem?
Trapped Answer • The man took a bunch of keys from his pocket, tied it to the end of one of the cables and started the cable swinging like a pendulum. He then held the end of the other cable and grabbed the keys as they swung towards him.
Quiz: Sexually Transmitted Infections • TRUE OR FALSE: You cannot get an STI through oral sex. • TRUE OR FALSE: You cannot get an STI through intimate genital touching. • TRUE OR FALSE : Certain STIs can lead to sterility. • TRUE OR FALSE: Teens have lower rates of STIs than adults. • TRUE OR FALSE: All STIs are curable. • TRUE OR FALSE: Human Papilloma Virus/Genital warts can be cured with antibiotics.
Quiz: Sexually Transmitted Infections • TRUE OR FALSE: Syphilis is a curable infection. • TRUE OR FALSE: HIV can be transmitted from mom to baby before or during childbirth. • TRUE OR FALSE: Insects can transmit HIV. • TRUE OR FALSE: It is obvious to tell by looking at someone if he or she has an STI. • TRUE OR FALSE: If an STI shows no outward symptoms, it cannot be passed along.
Quiz: Sexually Transmitted Infections • TRUE OR FALSE: Aside from continuous abstinence, condoms are they only form of birth control that can protect against certain STIs. • TRUE OR FALSE: Medications can help HIV-positive patients to live more normal lives, but do not kill the virus. • TRUE OR FALSE: You can be tested for an STI over the phone. • TRUE OR FALSE: HIV and Hepatitis B can be transmitted through blood, which makes sharing drug needles and getting a tattoo at an unsanitary place dangerous.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases • Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are caused by infections that are passed from one person to another during sexual contact. • These infections often do not cause any symptoms. Medically, infections are only called diseases when they cause symptoms. That is why STDs are also called "sexually transmitted infections." But it’s very common for people to use the terms "sexually transmitted diseases" or "STDs," even when there are no signs of disease.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases • What are some STDs you have heard of? • HIV • Chlamydia • Gonorrhea • Syphilis • Herpes • Human Papillomavirus (HPV) • About 19 million new cases of STDs occur in the U.S. each year and almost half of those are among teens and young adults ages 15-24.
STD Learning Stations • Grab a whiteboard & marker for your table • Why would someone want to avoid getting an STD? • People can get an STD by… • People might think they have an STD if… • If people think they might have an STD, they should… • People can reduce their risk of giving or getting an STD by… Group A Group B Group C Group D Group E *Group F- Divide up evenly to one of the other groups.
STD Learning Stations • You are allowed to write a total of two comments, facts, or even questions on two learning stations of your choice. • If you get to the whiteboard after others, try to think of things that other people haven’t already written. • You will have 5 minutes to complete this activity.
STD Myths Video • SexEtc.org • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zP3y6yTbcio&feature=player_embedded
Sex Etc. Video Review • The primary way people get infected is when they have oral, anal, or vaginal sex and the other person’s semen or vaginal fluid comes in contact with their mucous membranes. • What parts of the body contain mucous membranes? • Rectum (inside the anus) • Vagina • Urethra • Mouth and Throat • Eyes, Nose and Inner ears (mostly at birth)
Learning Station Review • Why would someone want to avoid getting an STD? • STDs range from being a nuisance to being life threatening. If not cured, some STDs can lead to chronic pain, damage to non-reproductive organs (heart, brain, etc.), infertility and miscarriage, premature births and birth defects, and death. Some of the more dangerous are HIV, Hepatitis A and B, certain strains of HPV, and for fetuses and newborns, genital herpes. Syphilis, gonorrhea and chlamydia can also have serious health impacts if untreated. (Some STDs are not this serious, for example pubic lice.) • To avoid rejection by future partners. Some people would end a relationship if they found out their partner had ever had an STD. Talking about STD status can be a difficult conversation to have with someone.
Learning Station Review 2) People can get an STD by… • Having oral, anal, or vaginal sex or skin-to-skin contact with an infected person. • Although HIV is an STD, people can catch it from sharing needles or by mother to child transmission through pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding. • Hepatitis A is passed from infected feces to another person’s mouth, so it could be spread by food workers if they have Hep A and don’t wash their hands before handling food. This is rare. • Pubic lice and scabies may be spread by sharing towels or clothing.
Learning Station Review 3) People might think they had an STD if … • He / she has symptoms. • Sores can be a symptom whether they hurt or not. • Discharge is a symptom only if it is unusual or abnormal. • A partner tells the person. • A doctor tells the person.
Learning Station Review 4) If people think they might have an STD, they should … • Stop having sex or intimate contact with other people until it is cured. • Get to the clinic for testing and treatment. • Talk to their partner(s) and encourage them to see a health care provider or go to a clinic.
Learning Station Review 5) People can reduce their risk of giving or getting an STD by … • Abstaining from oral, anal, and vaginal sex. • Maintaining long-term mutual monogamy (as in marriage or long-term partner relationship). • Using condoms. • Getting vaccinated for Hepatitis A and B and HPV. • Reducing the number of sexual partners in their lifetime. • Reducing the frequency of sex. • Avoiding the exchange of semen and vaginal fluid. • Getting yearly, thorough STD check-ups even if no symptoms are present. • Not having sex with people they know have an STD or whose STD status they don’t know.
The Silent Epidemic • In the short term, STIs may cause pain, discomfort, and embarrassment. • The long-term consequences of STIs may include an increased risk of certain cancers and an increased risk of infertility in both men and women. • Many STIs can be treated with medicines, but some are incurable. • If left untreated, some STIs are fatal.
Risky Behaviors and the STI Epidemic There are several risky behaviors that account for the current STI epidemic. • Ignoring Risks Many people who are sexually active do not take precautions against infection. • Multiple Partners The more sexual partners a person has, the greater the chance of getting an STI. • Not Seeking Treatment Sometimes people are too embarrassed to seek treatment. Others don’t know that they have an STI because they do not recognize the symptoms.
Avoiding STIs • STIs are transmitted mainly through sexual contact, but a few are also transmitted through contact with the blood of an infected person. • Healthy behaviors such as practicing abstinence, avoiding drugs, and choosing responsible friends are ways to avoid STIs.
Trichomoniasis • The STI known as trichomoniasis(trik uh moh NY uh sis) is caused by a protozoan that infects the urinary tract or vagina. • In males, if trichomoniasis is not treated, it can lead to inflammation of the lining of the urethra, called urethritis (yoor uh THRY tis). • In females, untreated trichomoniasis can lead to vaginitis (vaj uh NY tis), which is a vaginal infection or irritation.
Human Papilloma Virus • The most common viral STI in the United States is caused by the human papilloma virus(pap uh LOH muh), or HPV. • Some forms of HPV cause genital warts. • One of the most serious conditions associated with HPV infection is cervical cancer in women.
Chlamydia • The most common STI caused by bacteria in the United States is chlamydia (kluh MID ee uh). • Infected males often experience painful, frequent urination and discharge from the penis. • In females, chlamydia often has no symptoms other than a yellowish vaginal discharge. • If untreated, chlamydia can cause a serious infection of the reproductive organs called pelvic inflammatory disease, or PID.
Hepatitis • Hepatitis B and C, also called HBV and HCV, are sexually transmitted infections that attack the liver. • They are also spread by blood-to-blood contact. • Common symptoms are fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea, and jaundice. • Both infections may lead to liver cancer or cirrhosis (sih ROH sis), a condition in which normal liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue. • There is no cure for HBV or HCV.
Gonorrhea • A bacterial STI that infects the urinary tract of males and females and the reproductive organs of females is gonorrhea (gahn uh REE uh). • Males usually have a thick, puslike discharge from the penis and painful urination. • Females sometimes experience painful urination and a puslike discharge from the vagina or urinary tract.
Genital Herpes • Another STI caused by a virus is genital herpes (HUR peez). • The virus that causes genital herpes is the herpes simplex virus. • In some people, the symptoms may be hardly noticeable. • In other people, symptoms may be more severe, including painful blisters that appear on or around the genitals. • There is no cure for genital herpes.
Syphilis Syphilis (SIF uh lis) is a serious bacterial STI that progresses through three distinct stages. • In the first stage, a painless sore called a chancre (SHANG kur) appears at the site of exposure. • In the second stage, sores appear in the mouth and flulike symptoms develop. • In the third stage, bacteria attack internal parts of the body. • Eventually, untreated syphilis can cause brain damage, paralysis, and heart disease.
Seeking Treatment • People who participate in high-risk behaviors should get medical checkups every six months. • Individuals who suspect they may be infected should seek prompt medical attention. • Depending on the symptoms, the doctor may need to do a physical exam or a blood test. • If a person finds out that he or she has an STI, it is also important to notify any sexual partners, so they can seek treatment as well.
