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Day 74 Notes : Ch. 20

Day 74 Notes : Ch. 20. Acid-Base: Uses Effect on Indicators Neutralization. Sulfuric Acid. Highest volume production of any chemical in the U.S. Used in the production of paper Used in production of fertilizers Used in petroleum refining. Nitric Acid.

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Day 74 Notes : Ch. 20

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  1. Day 74 Notes: Ch. 20 • Acid-Base: • Uses • Effect on Indicators • Neutralization

  2. Sulfuric Acid • Highest volume production of any chemical in the U.S. • Used in the production of paper • Used in production of fertilizers • Used in petroleum refining

  3. Nitric Acid • Used in the production of fertilizers • Used in the production of explosives • Nitric acid is a volatile acid – its reactive components evaporate easily • Stains proteins (including skin!)

  4. Hydrochloric Acid • Used in the pickling of steel • Used to purify magnesium from sea water • Part of gastric juice, it aids in the digestion of protein • Sold commercially as “Muriatic acid”

  5. Phosphoric Acid • A flavoring agent in sodas • Used in the manufacture of detergents • Used in the manufacture of fertilizers • Not a common laboratory reagent

  6. Acetic Acid • Used in the manufacture of plastics • Used in making pharmaceuticals • Acetic acid is the acid present in vinegar

  7. Examples of Organic Acids • Citric acid in citrus fruit • Malic acid in sour apples • Deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA • Amino acids, the building blocks of protein • Lactic acid in sour milk and sore muscles • Butyric acid in rancid butter

  8. Weak Acids: (Organic) Organic acids (Acids that contain carbon) are always weak acids. H+ + C2H3O2- HC2H3O2 H+ + CH3COO- CH3COOH Same acid written another way Carboxylic Acid group: R-COOH

  9. Organic Acids Organic acids all contain the “carboxyl” group called “carboxylic acid”, sometimes several of them. The carboxyl group is a poor proton donor, so ALL organic acids are weak acids.

  10. Properties of Acids and Bases • Acids taste sour and bases taste bitter • Bases effect indicators • Red litmus turns blue • Phenolphthalein turns purple (Fuchsia) • Bases have a pH greater than 7 • Bases are proton (hydrogen ion, H+) acceptors • Solutions of bases feel slippery • Bases neutralize acids • Acids neutralize bases

  11. Properties of Acids and Bases Litmus test (link) Bases Acids Red litmus turns blue in a base Blue litmus turns red in an acid

  12. Phenolphthalein Phenolphthalein is purplein a base. (Fuchsia) Phenolphthalein is colorless in an acid. Uses: (Will be used in today’s experiment) • A common indicator used in neutralization. (due to reaction being nearly neutral when it turns colorless after adding an acid to a basic solution) • Used as a laxative for over a century. (so don’t eat it!)

  13. Neutralization Acids neutralize bases Bases neutralize acids

  14. Products of Neutralization Acid +  Salt Water Base + Cation written 1st H2O HCl + NaOH HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 CaSO4 2 H2O + KNO3 + H2O HNO3 + KOH  HNO3 + KOH The products of neutralization are always a ______ and _______. salt water

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