On-line Monitoring System Of Ohl Parameters.Field Experince In Transelectrica -Sibiu Branch

1. On-line Monitoring System Of Ohl Parameters.Field Experince In Transelectrica -Sibiu Branch On-line monitoring of OHL Conductor Temperature; Live-Line Installation of the RITHERM System Stelian Alexandru Gal- Transelectrica, Romania, Marius Nicolae Oltean- Smart, Romania Traian Fagarasan- Smart, Romania Mircea Opincaru- General Management, Romania

2. On-line Monitoring System Of Ohl Parameters.Field Experince In Transelectrica -Sibiu Branch Who we are… CITTES 2011

3. On-line Monitoring System Of Ohl Parameters.Field Experince In Transelectrica -Sibiu Branch 1. GENERAL WIEW ON ROMANIA NATIONAL TRANSMISSION GRID CN TRANSELECTRICA SA Transelectrica is the Romanian Transmission and System Operator (TSO)- member of ENTSO-E (European Network of Transmission Systems Operators for Electricity). Transelectrica is responsible for electricity transmission, system and market operation, grid and market infrastructure development, ensuring the security of the Romanian power system. CITTES 2011

4. On-line Monitoring System Of Ohl Parameters.Field Experince In Transelectrica -Sibiu Branch CN Transelectrica SA, runs currently - about 9028 km of OHL, out of which: • 155 km UN=750kV • 4,740 km UN=400kV • 4,096 km UN=220kV • 38 km UN=110kV S.C. Smart S.A. is the maintenance subsidiary. It has the same structure as the “mother” company. • 78 power substations, of which: • • 1 subs. of  750 kV • • 35 subs. of  400 kV • • 42 subs. of  220 kV -212 main transforming units totaling 36.343 MVA CITTES 2011

5. On-line Monitoring System Of Ohl Parameters.Field Experince In Transelectrica -Sibiu Branch 1.3. Sibiu Transmission Branch (ST Sibiu) The equipment park managed by ST Sibiu consists of: ● 8 power substations, of which: - 4 substations 400 kV - 4 substations 220 kV ● 987.375 km of OHL, of which: - 556.917 km 400 kV - 430.458 km 220 kV ● 23 main transforming units totaling 4.272 MVA. CITTES 2011

6. On-line Monitoring System Of Ohl Parameters.Field Experince In Transelectrica -Sibiu Branch THE NEED OF OHL PARAMETERS MONITORING The electrical energy market in continental Europe - deregulated The networks load grows proportionally with the production of energy by using more types of renewable. Development of wind energy production => fluctuating and difficult to plan energy transport. => moving more power via existing lines. increasing the capacity of the existing OHL without increasing the risk of equipment or system failure due to higher loading. The sag of overhead lines are dimensioned at a specific temperature, CITTES 2011

7. On-line Monitoring System Of Ohl Parameters.Field Experince In Transelectrica -Sibiu Branch The Benefits of OHL Monitoring Real-time rating of OHL parameters, Optimized use of infrastructure Quick reaction time for contingencies and responsiveness to weather Elimination of unnecessary and often risky operator interventions Safe and reliable operation above statistic ratings Minimal disruption to the network when correcting line dispatch Meeting new transmission reliability regulations Raise transmission capacity by 15-30% to avoid network congestion. Rapidly deploy solutions when capacity deficiencies are discovered Accurately monitor sag on older lines, where design conditions are least certain Match overhead line ratings to actual load capacity and weather conditions Provide advance warning of impending clearance violations CITTES 2011

8. On-line Monitoring System Of Ohl Parameters.Field Experince In Transelectrica -Sibiu Branch RITHERM –SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) Technology SAW were quantitively described by Lord Rayleigh in 1885, He showed theoretically that waves can be propagated over the plane boundary between an elastic half-space and a vacuum, or a sufficiently rarefied medium (eg. air), where the amplitude of the waves decay rapidly with depth. They are mechanical (acoustic) rather than electromagnetic. CITTES 2011

9. On-line Monitoring System Of Ohl Parameters.Field Experince In Transelectrica -Sibiu Branch • SAW transducers use piezoelectric crystals with “reflectors” at pre-determined intervals • When the incoming radio energy is transformed to a sound wave propagating along the surface of the tag, each location reflects part of the signal back. • The spacing of these reflections (or echoes) indicates the location and relative position of each reflector.  • The position of each reflector can then be calculated and translated into a data representation. CITTES 2011

10. On-line Monitoring System Of Ohl Parameters.Field Experince In Transelectrica -Sibiu Branch OHL Temperature monitoring • A high frequency electromagnetic wave at the 2.45 GHz ISM band is transmitted to the sensor by use of the transmitting antenna • The incoming high frequency signal is transmitted to an acoustic surface wave • At several positions parts of the signal are reflected on integrated reflectors. • The reflectors position is changed due to temperature elongation of the crystal. • The propagation velocity depends on the temperature. • The reflected signals are converted to high transmission frequency by the transducer and sent back to the receiving antenna of the system CITTES 2011

11. On-line Monitoring System Of Ohl Parameters.Field Experince In Transelectrica -Sibiu Branch The monitoring system consists of four elements: - SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) sensor with helical fixing rod - Central Unit - SAW extension box with radar antennas - Evaluation program for the control center. CITTES 2011

12. On-line Monitoring System Of Ohl Parameters.Field Experince In Transelectrica -Sibiu Branch • The conductor temperature takes the ambient temperature into account and has a tolerance of 3K. • The server software is responsible for data transfer between the central unit on the tower and the server and for calculating the prospective conductor temperature. • The client software shows the calculated conductor temperature on a graphical interface using a three-color code. • The program calculates the temperature of the core of the cable, which is the hottest point and therefore responsible for the conductor-sag. CITTES 2011

13. On-line Monitoring System Of Ohl Parameters.Field Experince In Transelectrica -Sibiu Branch Live-line Monitoring System Instalation General Conditions for the work. It is necessary that the following parameters of the OHL are known: • tower geometry • insulators type • conductors type CITTES 2011

14. On-line Monitoring System Of Ohl Parameters.Field Experince In Transelectrica -Sibiu Branch Minimum working team: • One LW foreman - authorization type I 3T. • Two (2) LW workers - authorization type I 1T. • Four (4) LW workers -without LW authorization. For the temperature sensor mounting on the active conductor of the OHL, the work was executed by the bare hand method. • For the solar panel mounting (the transducer and the transmitter), the work took place after the LW method ofworking at distance. CITTES 2011

15. On-line Monitoring System Of Ohl Parameters.Field Experince In Transelectrica -Sibiu Branch It is necessary to bring the OHL in the Special Exploitation Regime (SER): • canceling the Automatic Reset (AR) on both OHL ends. • ensuring radio or telephone connections between the working area and the dispatch, • manually connecting the OHL, can be done only with the agreement of the foreman. CITTES 2011

16. On-line Monitoring System Of Ohl Parameters.Field Experince In Transelectrica -Sibiu Branch Weather Conditions It is forbidden to start the work in the following weather conditions: • showers(rain, snow, drizzle, hail,) or relative humidity higher than 80%, • thick fog, • strong wind (over 9.5 m/s), • lightning(storm) in the working area. CITTES 2011

17. On-line Monitoring System Of Ohl Parameters.Field Experince In Transelectrica -Sibiu Branch Working Method • The operators are equipped with full electro-conductive equipment. • the conductor access ladder is mounted on the conductor • The mobile part of the ensemble is lowered to ground level. • An operator climbs up the ladder. • The operator is lifted from ground level to the conductor, where he fixes the mobile carrier to the fixed one. • He sets the sensor in place on the active conductor CITTES 2011

18. On-line Monitoring System Of Ohl Parameters.Field Experince In Transelectrica -Sibiu Branch • In order to install the solar board, the converter and the transmitter, two operators climb the tower, close to the temperature sensor mounting area. • The system elements are mounted, one by one. CITTES 2011

19. On-line Monitoring System Of Ohl Parameters.Field Experince In Transelectrica -Sibiu Branch PRESENT AND FUTURE OF OHL MONITORING IN ROMANIA Monitoring System version 2 (OTLM) • The OTLM system: • Housing • Supplying current transformer • -CPU • Measurement unit (conductor temperature, conductor current, GPS position) • Communication unit with a GSM/GPS antenna • On-line monitoring system centreprograme package: CITTES 2011

20. On-line Monitoring System Of Ohl Parameters.Field Experince In Transelectrica -Sibiu Branch Real-time examination of all measurements: • Conductor temperature measurement • Line current • GPS position measurement Review of all real-time high-resolution events (statuses): • Alert thresholds, when the conductor temperature is exceeded [°C] • Alert, when the temperature limit is exceeded T> in T» • Diagram display • Graphic overview of the line along with the operating device examination CITTES 2011

21. On-line Monitoring System Of Ohl Parameters.Field Experince In Transelectrica -Sibiu Branch Tension Based Monitoring System (CAT1- Nexans) • Nexans system measures the tension in OHL’s conductors and the net radiation temperature, taking into account the effects of ambient temperature along with wind and solar effects, emissivity and conductor time constant. • Measuring the tension we may have a very high accuracy of sag measurement (3-6 cm). Maintaining the tension in the designed limits we are able to insure the designed sags. CITTES 2011

22. On-line Monitoring System Of Ohl Parameters.Field Experince In Transelectrica -Sibiu Branch The main components of CAT1 system: • Main unit • Solar panel supply and backup battery • Cellular or radio communications • Ambient temperature sensor • Load cells • Net Radiation Sensor • CAT-1 Master Base Station Software CITTES 2011

23. On-line Monitoring System Of Ohl Parameters.Field Experince In Transelectrica -Sibiu Branch EMO SYSTEM (Easy Monitoring Overhead Transmission)- (MICCA) CITTES 2011

24. COMPONENCE • Sensors on OHL (temperature- reference and ambiental) • Hoarfrost sensor • Central Unit • Software platform • Corona protection • Anemometeru\, CO2 monitoring (solar pannel nedeed) • Barometer • Higrometer CITTES 2011

25. EMO’s advantages • Easy and fast installation • Operating with long live cycle batteries • Cost savings in the range of 15% to 35% • System accuracy of +/- 1,5 °C • The thickness of the ice can be determined CITTES 2011

26. On-line Monitoring System Of Ohl Parameters.Field Experince In Transelectrica -Sibiu Branch All systems are ready for the integration in Smart Grids. CITTES 2011

27. On-line Monitoring System Of Ohl Parameters.Field Experince In Transelectrica -Sibiu Branch Conclusions • Processing measurements monitored by integrating dedicated software for monitoring and diagnostics on the OHLs enables quick and correct information, making the best decisions in real time on the management and safe operation in the energy system. • Monitoring systems are viable and relies on equipment and advanced technology solutions, the latest generation, which correspond to specific current international standards. • The development of the system will be useful on the reconductored lines and on the wind-farms power exhausting lines. • Live Working technologies becomes mandatory for the erection actions. It is a safe and efficient technology. CITTES 2011

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