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The Athenian Acropolis today: symbols of the Periclean age

The Athenian Acropolis today: symbols of the Periclean age. Athena Promachos , 456-50(?). Parthenon, 447-32. Altar of Athena. N. Odeon of Perikles. Propylaia , 437-32. Athena Nike, 427-24. Panathenaia.  Agora. Parthenon: b asics. 447-432 BCE Architects: Kallikrates & Iktinus

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The Athenian Acropolis today: symbols of the Periclean age

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  1. The Athenian Acropolis today:symbols of the Periclean age

  2. Athena Promachos,456-50(?) Parthenon, 447-32 Altar of Athena N Odeon of Perikles Propylaia, 437-32 Athena Nike, 427-24 Panathenaia  Agora

  3. Parthenon: basics • 447-432 BCE • Architects: Kallikrates & Iktinus • Pentelic marble (Mt. Pentelikon, Attica) • Craftsmen: citizens, metics, slaves • Sculptural program: Pheidias • Pediments celebrating Athena vs. Poseidon, birth of Athena • Metopes celebrating conquest over barbarians (Amazons, Giants, Centaurs, Trojans) • Frieze celebrating Panathenaia • Statue of Athena Parthenos

  4. Parthenon: pediment (east)Gods witnessing birth of Athena

  5. Parthenon frieze: cavalcade Metopes celebrating victory over barbarians Pediment celebrating birth of Athena

  6. Parthenon frieze: peplosfor the xoanon, gods Hephaistos Athena

  7. Chryselephantine statueof Athena Parthenos Varvakeion Athena(Roman, 2nd c. CE) Nashville Parthenon

  8. Athens and Sparta:the eve of war, 435

  9. SicilyPhoenician,Greek and native settlements • Sicilian age of tyrants • 485- Gelon of Gela, acquires Syracuse, • 480Himera, allies with Acragas • tyrants as aristocrats (games, poetry, temple-building) • 478 Hieron succeeds Gelon, adds Naxos, Catana, Leontini • 461 Overthrow of the last tyrants • Sicilian after tyrants • Syracuse a leading democracy • 460- Sporadic revolt by Sicels (Ducetius) • 440 • 432 Syracuse: most powerful polis • Athens and the west • 443 Colony of Thurii (Italian instep) (loses colony ca. 434 to Sparta?) • Alliances with Rhegion (Italy), • Leontini, Egesta

  10. 432/1: War! • What were the origins of the Peloponnesian war? • “The Athenians and Peloponnesians began it after breaking the Thirty Years’ Treaty which they had made after the capture of Euboea. As to why they broke the treaty …” (Thuc. 1.23.4; see Rhodes p. 81) • Peloponnesian grievances (esp. Corinth) regarding Corcyra, Potidaea, Aegina, Megara • Spartan demands for Athens to restore the Greeks’ freedom • Athenian refusal to back down • Whose fault was it?

  11. 1 Potidaea 2 4 3 1: Athens/Corcyra defensive alliance & battle of Sybota (433) 2: Potidaea revolts from Delian league & battle with Corinth (432) 3: Aegina demands autonomy promised by Athens & “cleansing” of Aegina (432-1) 4: Megara demands access to Athenian agora & league harbors (432/1)

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