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Concussions in Ice Hockey

Lauren Church Sport, Health & Physical Education Vancouver Island University . Concussions in Ice Hockey. Why Is This An Issue?. 57 individuals have dealt with a concussion 3 individuals with multiple concussions or head injuries 1102 man games missed in the NHL. Why Is This An Issue?.

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Concussions in Ice Hockey

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  1. Lauren Church Sport, Health & Physical Education Vancouver Island University Concussions in Ice Hockey

  2. Why Is This An Issue? • 57 individuals have dealt with a concussion • 3 individuals with multiple concussions or head injuries • 1102 man games missed in the NHL

  3. Why Is This An Issue? • 2009: Concussion knowledge questionnaire completed in the Greater Toronto Area2 • 267 players (atom, bantam, AA & HL competitive levels) • 142 adults (coaches, parents & trainers) • 25 percent of adults & 25 to 50 percent of players could not recall any concussion symptoms or only one symptom

  4. Why Is This An Issue? • 2009: Concussion knowledge questionnaire completed in the Greater Toronto Area2 • 267 players (atom, bantam, AA & HL competitive levels) • 142 adults (coaches, parents & trainers) • 50 percent of players & 20 percent of adults incorrectly stated that concussions are treated with medication or physical therapy

  5. Why Is This An Issue? • 2009: Concussion knowledge questionnaire completed in the Greater Toronto Area2 • 267 players (atom, bantam, AA & HL competitive levels) • 142 adults (coaches, parents & trainers) • 25 percent of players did not know if an athlete experiencing concussion symptoms should continue playing

  6. Why Is This An Issue? • 2009: Concussion knowledge questionnaire completed in the Greater Toronto Area2 • 267 players (atom, bantam, AA & HL competitive levels) • 142 adults (coaches, parents & trainers) • 66 percent of players did not know it was possible to sustain a concussion without losing consciousness

  7. What Is a Concussion? • “A complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain, induced by traumatic biomechanical forces.”5 • Clinical, pathological and biomechanical injury constructs may be used to define the nature

  8. Signs and Symptoms Table 1. Common Signs and Symptoms of a Concussion4

  9. Grading Scales • There are at least 27 systems proposed1 • Typically the 3 systems used are: • Cantu • American Academy of Neurology • Colorado Medical Society • 75% of concussions do not result in a loss of consciousness; therefore, new scales have been developed which address this3

  10. Grading Scales

  11. On Ice Assessment • Number of different tools available • Hockey Canada – Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 2 (SCAT 2) • 8 components • Symptom evaluation • Physical signs score • Glasgow coma scale (GCS) • Sideline assessment – Maddocks score • Cognitive assessment • Balance examination • Coordination examination • Cognitive assessment • These combine for a total score

  12. Return to Play 5

  13. Risk Factors • Facial protection • In-game fatigue • Ice size • Collision type & frequency • Chin strap & mouthguard use • Age • Gender

  14. References • Bender, S. D., Barth, J. T., & Irby, J. (2004). Historical perspectives. In M. R. Lovell, R. J. Echemendia, J. T. Barth & M. W. Collins (Eds.), Traumatic brain injury in sports: An international neuropsychological perspective (pp. 3-21). Lisse, the Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger. • Cusimano, M. D. (2009). Canadian minor hockey participants’ knowledge about concussion. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 36, 315-320. • Johnston, K. M., Lassonde, M., & Ptito, A. (2001). A contemporary neurosurgical approach to sport-related head injury: The McGill concussion protocol. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 192(4), 515-524. • Lovell, M. R., Collins, M. W. & Maroon, J. C. (2011). Concussion resource center. Retrieved March 29, 2011, from http://impacttest.com/concussion/overview. • McCrory, P., et al. (2009). Consensus statement on concussion in sport – the 3rd international conference on concussion in sport, held in Zurich, November 2008. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 16, 755-763. • TSN. (2011). NHL injuries. Retrieved April 12, 2011, from http://tsn.ca/nhl/injuries/.

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