Head, Neck, Ears, Eyes, Lymph, Nose, and Sinuses

1. Week 2 Allegra + Roberta Head, Neck, Ears, Eyes, Lymph, Nose, and Sinuses

2. Terms for week 2 Important should recognize

3. Head and Neck • Hydrocephalus-obstruction of drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CCF) resulting in excessive accumulation, intracranial pressure, and enlarged head • Bell’s palsy-a lower motor neuron lesion, producing cranial nerve VII paralysis, which is almost always unilateral (one side) • Cachectic- suffering from malnutrition • Cephalhematoma- A collection of blood due to an effusion of blood beneath the periosteum frequently in a newborn as a result of birth trauma

4. Cont. • Lymphadenopathy-swelling of lymph nodes • Macrocephaly- abnormally large head • Mircocephaly- abnormally small head • Acromegaly-excessive secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary after puberty creates enlarged skull and thickened cranial bones.

5. Eye • Glaucoma-increased intraocular pressure = decrease in peripheral vision • Cataracts-An ocular opacity, partial or complete, of one or both eyes, on or in the lens or capsule, especially an opacity impairing vision or causing blindness. • Hyperopia- farsightedness, focus is behind the retina • Myopia- nearsightedness, focus is in front of the retina

6. Cont. • Accommodation- Adjustment, especially that of the eye for various distances resulting in pupil constriction or dilatation • Astigmatism- A visual disturbance caused by an error in the refraction of light within the eye • Blepharitis- inflammation of eyelids • entropion- lower lid rolls in because of spasm of lids or scar tissues contracting • canthus- angle of the eye • corneal abrasion- using florescent stain a yellow-green branching. The top layer of the corneal epithelium is removed from scratches or poorly fitting or over worn contacts. • conjunctivitis-infection of the conjunctiva “pink eye” common bacterial or viral infection due to allergy or chemical irritation

7. Cont. • floaters- One or more spots that appear to drift in front of the eye, caused by a shadow cast on the retina by vitreous debris or separation of the vitreous humour from the retina. • nystagmus- An involuntary rapid, rhythmic movement of the eyeball, which may be horizontal, vertical, rotatory or mixed • diplopia- perception of two picures from a single object, double vision. • exopthalmos- is a forward displacement of the eyeballs and widened palpebral fissures • periorbial edema- lids are swollen and puffy • photophobia- An abnormal visual intolerance of light • ptosis- drooping under the lid due to neuromuscular weakness

8. Cont. • purulent- Consisting of or containing pus • ectropion- lower lid is loose and rolling out, does not approximate to eyeball, results in excess tearing • strabismus- A deviation of the eye which the patient cannot overcome • Presbiopia- It is due to rigidity of the crystalline lens, which produce difficulty of accommodation and recession of the near point of vision, so that objects very near the eyes can not be seen distinctly without the use of convex glasses

9. Nose • Epistaxis- most common site for nosebleeds • Rhinitis- clear watery discharge, accompanied by sneezing and swollen mucosa, and nasal obstruction. • Sinusitis-facial pain, after upper respiratory infection

10. Ear • Auricle or pinna- movable cartilage and skin • Auditory meatus- also known as auditory cannal it is the canal that secretes cerumen, a yellow waxy material that lubricates and protects the ear • Cerumen- The waxlike secretion found within the external meatus of the ear • Labyrinth- The internal ear • Mastoiditis- Inflammation of the mastoid antrum and cells • Myringotomy- The removal of fluid (often infected) from the middle ear space by creating a incision in the eardrum

12. Cont. • Otitis media- amber yellow drum suggests serum in middle ear that transudates to relive negative pressure from the blocked eustacharian tube, “glue ear” • Presbycusis- Progressive bilateral loss of hearing that occurs in the aged • Tinnitus- A noise in the ears, as ringing, buzsing, roaring, clicking, etc • Tragus- The prominence in front of the external opening of the ear • Vertigo- An illusion of movement, or as if he himself were revolving in space

13. Lymphatic's Regional

14. Major Lymphatic's • Jugulodigastric- under the angle of the mandible • Superficial cervical- overlying the sternomastoid muscle • Deep cervical- under sternomastoid muscle • Posterior cervical- posterior triangle along edge of trapezium muscle • Supraclavicular- above and behind the clavicle, at sternomastoid muscle

15. Cont. • Preauricular- front of ear • Posterior auricular- superficial to the mastloid process behind ear • Occipital- at base of the skull • Submental- midline behind the tip of the mandible • Submandibular- halfway between the angle and the tip of the mandible

17. Order of events: • Submental- under chin • Submandibular- between angle and tip of mandible • Jugulodigasric- under angle • Preauricularis-front of ear • Postauricularis- behind ear • Occipital- base of skull • Superficial cervical- sternomastloid muscle • Posterior cervical- posterior triangle • Deep cervicle- under sterno mastoid • Supraclavicular- impression behind the clavicle.

18. Exposure to the Jarvison-line resources http://evolvels.elsevier.com/section/default.asp?id=1313%5Fglobal%5F0001