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This article provides an overview of the blood, including its composition, functions, and various disorders. It covers the different components of blood, such as plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Additionally, it explores topics like blood types, the Rh factor, and common diseases and disorders related to the blood.

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  1. DO NOW • Write down what you know about the blood. • Write down what you know is NOT true about the blood.

  2. The Blood The Cardiovascular System

  3. Blood Plasma • Blood minus its cells • Composition • Water containing many dissolved substances (foods, salts, hormones) • Amount of blood = 4-6 L (7%-9% of body weight) • Slightly alkaline

  4. Blood Sample Blood sample spun down using centrifuge

  5. Formed Elements • RBCs (erythrocytes) • WBCs (leukocytes) • Platelets (Thrombocytes) • Formed in bone marrow from myeloid tissue

  6. Formed elements Artery showing size relation of formed elements in the blood (red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

  7. Formed elements Cell maturation chart

  8. Formed elements Electron scanning microscope images of formed elements in blood in relation to each other

  9. Erythrocytes • Red blood cells (RBCs) • 4.5-5 million per mm3 of blood • Disc shaped • Structure: • Without nuclei • Function: • Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

  10. erythrocytes Image showing red blood cells in relation to other cells

  11. Leukocytes • White blood cells (WBCs) • 5,000-10,000 per mm3 of blood • Structure: • Granular: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils • Non-granular: lymphocytes and monocytes • Function: • defense

  12. leukocytes Microscope, stained image of red blood cells and white blood cells. This is a normal blood sample.

  13. leukocytes This is a after colored image from an electron scanning microscope showing the white blood cell in relation to the red blood cell

  14. Thrombocytes • Also called platelets • 300,000 per mm3 of blood • Play an essential role in blood clotting

  15. thrombocytes Stained, microscopic image of a blood sample showing platelets and red blood cells

  16. thrombocytes Electron scanning microscope showing a red blood cells surrounded by platelets

  17. Blood Types • ABO system • Type A – type A antigens in RBCs; anti-B type antibodies in blood • Type B – type B antigens in RBCs; anti-A type antibodies in blood • Type AB – type A and type B antigens in RBCs; no anti-A and no anti-B antibodies in blood • Type O – no type A and no type B antigens in RBCs; anti-A and anti-B antibodies in blood

  18. Blood types Chart showing characteristics in blood, plasma and what the coordinating blood type would be

  19. Blood types Chart showing the percentages of blood type availability

  20. Rh Factor • Rh-positive blood – Rh factor antigen present in RBCs • Rh-negative blood – no Rh factor antigen present in RBCs; no anti-Rh antibodies present unless exposed

  21. Rh factor Rh factor showing blood surface antigens and antibodies

  22. Combining Forms • Myel/o – bone marrow • Plasm/o – plasma • Splen/o – spleen • Thromb/o - clot

  23. Disease/disorders (NBFWP) • Anemia – reduction in the amount of hemaglobin in the red blood cells • Embolus – blood clot or foreign material • Hemophilia – inherited blood disease most commonly caused by a deficiency of coagulation factor VIII • Leukemia – malignant disease characterized by excessive increase in abnormal white blood cells formed in bone marrow

  24. Surgical Terms (NBFWP) • Bone marrow aspiration – a syringe used to aspirate bone marrow from ilium • Bone marrow biopsy – a needle puncture to obtain bone marrow sample • Bone marrow transplant – infusion of normal bone marrow cells from a donor for patient with leukemia

  25. Laboratory Terms • Coagulation time – blood test to determine time it takes for blood to form a clot • Complete blood count – basic blood screening • Differential count – explains the number of different kinds of cells • Hematocrit – blood test to measure volume and number of red blood cells

  26. Laboratory Terms • Hemoglobin – blood test to determine the concentration of oxygen carrying components (hemoglobin) in red blood cells • Prothrombin time – used to determine certain coagulation activity defects and to monitor anticoagulation therapy

  27. Complementary Terms (NBFWP) • Hyperlipidemia – excessive amounts of fats in the blood • Anticoagulant – agent that shows the clotting process • Hemorrhage – rapid loss of blood

  28. Homework • Disease/disorders • Hematoma • Multiple myeloma • Pancytopenia • Thrombosis • Thrombus • splenomegaly • Complementary terms • Hematologist • Hematology • Hematopoiesis • Hemolysis • Hemostasis • Myelopoiesis • Plasmapherisis • Thrombolysis

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