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The Kings

The Kings. Samuel. Samuel is a priest. He is seen as the last of the judges, the first of the prophets. He warns the people against a king, but anoints Saul, and then David (while Saul still rules). The Kings. God did not want them to have a king, as God was to be their king.

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The Kings

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  1. The Kings

  2. Samuel • Samuel is a priest. • He is seen as the last of the judges, the first of the prophets. • He warns the people against a king, but anoints Saul, and then David (while Saul still rules).

  3. The Kings • God did not want them to have a king, as God was to be their king. • When the people begged, however, God gave them what they wanted, warning of taxes, enslavement, wars, etc.

  4. They choose a king, by lots… • The first king was Saul. • Saul lost God’s favor and David, who had killed Goliath, was the next to receive the throne. • Following David was Solomon. The rule of David and Solomon is considered Israel’s Golden Age.

  5. Saul’s Downfall • Samuel anointed David WHILE Saul was still king. • Saul became incredibly jealous of David, repeatedly tries to kill him. • Saul’s son, Jonathan, is David’s BFF – saves him. • David has the chance to kill Saul, but refuses.

  6. David • David is Israel’s most famous king, known as a military hero (slaying the giant, Goliath). • He is also traditionally credited with writing the Psalms (he may have written SOME). • He makes Jerusalem the center of his government.

  7. Nathan, the prophet • Nathan tells David NOT to build a Temple. • He promises a royal dynasty • He condemns his adultery/killing of Uriah (2 Sam. 11:1-12:25)

  8. The Temple • God also did not want them to have a Temple, because they should see God as being everywhere. • The people begged and God relented. The Temple was built in Jerusalem under David and Solomon.

  9. God’s Promises and the Dynasty of David • God promised David that his kingdom would stay united under Solomon and that his dynasty would last forever. • After Solomon (who was from the So. and oppressed the No.), the kingdom split into two, Israel (No.) and Judah (So.) • The North was conquered in 722 BC by the Assyrians; the South in 586 BC by the Babylonians (who destroyed the Temple). • Each time, many people were exiled.

  10. Ezekiel • People lost hope that Israel could ever be restored. • Ezekiel tells them that God could even restore life to “dry bones”.

  11. Conquered Again and Again • After the Babylonians were overrun by the Persians (who returned those in exile), Israel had some independence for a time. • The Greeks, led by Alexander the Great, conquered Israel in 333 BC. Around 164 BC, Jews expelled their Greek rulers, celebrated each year at Hannukah.

  12. Rome • About a century after the Maccabean revolt, Rome conquers Israel in 63 BC.

  13. Prophets - literary movement, Amos being the first to have his own book. • Moses is the first of many Old Testament prophets to speak for God. • Major prophets • Isaiah • Jeremiah • Ezekiel • Daniel • Minor prophets • Hosea • Joel • Amos • Obadiah • Jonah • Micah • Nahum • Habakkuk • Zephaniah • Haggai • Zechariah • Malachi

  14. Major Themes • Idolatry • Adultery • Hypocrisy • Oppression of poor • Alliances with foreign nations

  15. Themes (cont’d) • Judges receiving bribes • Alliances with foreign nations

  16. To be a prophet is… • to be hated! • Prophets angered the political/social establishment. • They also told people to repent/change their lives.

  17. Social Revolutionaries • Concerned with the poor, least of society • Strongest prophets come at time of greatest oppression • Single measuring stick is how you will be judged – take care of the weak

  18. Elijah • Lived in No. Kingdom, 9th cent. under Jezebel and Ahab, 860 BC • Main thing is worship of Yahweh, not Canaanite Baal (god of rain, fertility, produce)

  19. Elijah (cont’d) • Helped a Phoenician widow miraculously survive a famine (her flour and oil do not run out) • Brings her son back to life • Elijah does not die, but is taken up to heaven in a chariot of fire (2 Kings 2)

  20. Elisha • Elijah’s student • Carries on work of teacher, receive his cloak in 2 Kgs. 2 • Many of the same miracles as Elijah – providing food for a poor woman, bringing a son back to life – plus other healings

  21. Amos • During 786-746 BC in No. Kingdom at height of prosperity • Social justice and poor most important themes • Ivory beds, wine bowls, young meat, taxes

  22. Am. 5:21-24, Am. 8:2-3 • Justify oppressive lifestyle by having elaborate temple shows • Am. 5:11-12, 8:4-6, 2:6-7 • Prophet of judgment and doom • Ends on a note of hope (Am. 9:8b, 14)

  23. Hosea • No. kingdom, same time as Amos • Lived out his message • Hos. 1:2 – marries a prostitute (Gomer, Hebrew woman turned Canaanite religious prostitute) • Their relationship a metaphor for God and Israelite people (idolatry) • Have 3 children

  24. Hosea (cont’d) • Despite Gomer’s repeated adultery and the hurt this causes him, Hosea still loves his wife.

  25. Jonah • Didn’t want to warn the people of Nineveh of impending doom • They were the capital of Assyria, their enemy. • God loved even them.

  26. Micah • People thought religion was only about sacrifice: Sacrifice enough and do what you want! • “What does the Lord require of you? To act justly and to love mercy and to walk humbly with your God.”

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